Imperialism in Africa World History Unit 4 Events and Ideas #3 Imperialism in Africa World History Unit 4 Zulu fighting the British

Essential Question: What were the causes (why did Europe want to take over regions of Africa) and effects of Imperialism in Africa?

Europeans scrambled to take control of the continent of Africa

Imperialism of Africa overview https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJe1W_HIWmA

Between 1880 and 1914 Europeans… (France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain and Portugal) placed all of Africa under European rule. Only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free states.

White Mans Burden The belief that Europeans had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive peoples. Look at the following slides, and analyze if these traditions seem primitive to you. **Seeing this would you feel the need to “civilize” the natives?

The Maasai tribe drains blood from their cows necks and drink it.

Women make huts out of cow dung (poop) in Kenya

West Africa Europeans wanted peanuts, timber, hides, & palm oil British set up settlements – Gold Coast and Sierra Leone Harvesting peanuts Harvesting palm oil

North Africa Muhammad Ali – established Egypt as separate state (1805) Suez Canal = Lifeline to India (1869) British - Egypt and Sudan (1898) French – Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco (1879 – 1912) Italian - defeated by Ethiopia (1896) – (very humiliating for Italy) Took Libya (1911) Great Britain sought as much control as possible over the Suez canal area. In 1875, Britain bought Egypt's share in the canal. When an Egyptian army revolt against foreign influence broke out in 1881 Britain suppressed the revolt. Egypt became a British protectorate in 1914. Italy was the only European country defeated by an African state. This was very humiliating Muhammad Ali

Central Africa East Africa Explorers – Livingstone & Stanley Belgian settlements along Congo River Basin East Africa Britain & Germany – rivals Berlin Conference settled claims Competed with Portugal & Belgium When Livingstone (an explorer) disappeared for a while the New York Herald hired Stanley (a journalist)to find him. “Dr. Livingstone I presume?” Stanley, though he hated africa, continued to explore it after Livingstones death and encouraged the British to send settlers to the Congo River basin. The British were not interested but King Leopold II of Belgium was. David Livingstone and Henry Stanley

Stanley & Livingston Dr. Livingstone: well-known Scottish missionary and explorer who disappeared in Africa. Henry Stanley finally found him. “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” Livingstone died in Africa, still exploring. Stanley was hired by King Leopold of Belgium to help colonize the Congo

South Africa Settled by the Dutch –called Boers in the 1600s. The settled land was seized by the British during Napoleonic Wars. Grew quickly 1865 = 200,000 whites Boers – Dislike British rule Moved north = “Great Trek” Believed they were superior to blacks British rename it Cape Colony South Africa Settled by the Dutch in the 1600s. Dutch settlers were called either Boers or Afrikaners. The settled land was seized by the British during Napoleonic Wars. British government encourages British settlers to move there. By 1865, the white population numbered 200,000. The British name the area Cape Colony. Map of Africa - 1890

The Boer Republics Boers leave area and move north in the 1830s. Boers believed that whites were superior to blacks. Boers form two republics – Orange Free State and Transvaal. Place native Africans on reservations. Boers frequently battle with various indigenous (native) groups. The Zulus were one of the Boers frequent adversaries. The Zulus maintained their own kingdom until the late 1800s. Boers leave area and move north in the 1830s. Boers form two republics – Orange Free State and Transvaal. Boers frequently battle with various indigenous (native) groups.

The Boer War (1899 to 1902) Boer vs. British British burn crops. 200,000 women and children are placed in camps – 20,000 die. In 1910, the Cape Colony and the Boer Republic combine into the Union of South Africa. To appease Boers British agreed that only whites can vote. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-9sd5Q_ifQ The Boer War lasts from 1899 to 1902. Fierce Boer resistance angers the British. British burn crops and force about 200,000 women and children into detention camps. 20,000 end up dying in the camps. The much larger British army eventually wins. In 1910, the Cape Colony and the Boer Republic are combined into the Union of South Africa. To appease the Boers, voting rights are denied to most Africans. Boer Commandos

Effect of Imperialism on Africans The Berlin Conference divided the continent in pieces and did not think about throwing tribes together that were traditionally hostile to each other. This caused many conflicts for generations to come.

Effect of Imperialism on Africans Apartheid Native Africans could only get low- paying jobs. Many lost farms and ended up working on plantations. Middle-class Africans held jobs in government and business but were paid less than Europeans. Clubs, schools and churches were segregated. Native Africans could only get low-paying jobs. Many lost their farms and ended up working on plantations. Middle-class Africans held jobs in government and business but were paid less than Europeans in the same job. Clubs, schools and churches were segregated. Even European children would address an African adult male as “boy.” text

Essential Question: What were the causes (why did Europe want to take over regions of Africa) and effects of Imperialism in Africa?