Overthrow of Manchu Dynasty (1644-1911) Sun Yat-sen becomes president Hopes to establish govt. based on the three principles of the people. 1. Nationalism 2. Democracy 3. People’s Livelihood Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925)

Era of the Warlords (1916-1926) Local concentrations of power emerge military leaders & local gentry take control of the provinces. Warlord armies terrorize the countryside. Millions of peasants die of famine & disease. Peasants’ desire for land went unresolved; landless grew

World War I--Asia Japan: Seeking a foothold in China 1917-China aides allies vs. Germany 1919 Treaty of Versailles: Japan gains territory & privileges previously belonging to Germany in China. Result: May Fourth Movement

Rise of Marxism & Formation of the CCP Chinese Communist Party Marxism: Seen as a method to vitalize Chinese peasantry. Gains acceptance in wake of industrialization. Capitalism seen as cause of foreign exploitation & aggression. 1921—CCP formed Mao Tse-tung

AKA: Chinese Nationalist Party Kuomintang of China AKA: Chinese Nationalist Party 1925 Chiang Kai-shek emerges as KMT leader KMT & CCP forces successfully defeat the Warlords. 1927—Chiang fears CCP and its leaders. KMT troops overrun Shanghai Execute CCP leaders & union members. “Purges” spread to other cities. Surviving CCP leaders go into hiding. Chiang Kai-shek

Nationalist Republic of China (1928-37) Chiang Kai-shek becomes President. U.S. & Britain recognizes KMT government Government becomes dictatorial and corrupt. Focuses on modernizing & developing cities. Ignores the peasants—life does not improve

Mao Tse-tung and the Peasants Recognizes potential. Organizing soviets to train peasants Divides CCP land amongst peasants Wins their loyalty

Civil War--1930 Red Army is a Well trained guerilla army. 1933—700,000 KMT soldiers surround CCP’s stronghold. CCP outnumbered 6 to 1. 1934--CCP forces flee for their lives.

The Long March 1934-35

WW II begins in ASIA 1937 Japan launches all out invasion of China. Japanese threat forces a KMT & CCP truce. CCP under Mao mobilize peasants for guerilla war against Japan

1942-45 Chiang Kai-shek gathers 2.5 million soldiers Chiang Kai-shek with FDR & Winston Churchill 1942-45 Chiang Kai-shek gathers 2.5 million soldiers Received 1.5 billion in U.S. money & equipment to fight Japan. Japan defeated in 1945. 1945—CCP controls No. China & KMT Controls So. China.

Civil War 1946-49 KMT outnumbers CCP Chiang receives 2.5 billion more in U.S. aid KMT can’t muster popular support China’s economy collapses Thousands of KMT soldiers desert

Mao Zedong Proclaiming the 1949 Mao’s Red Army takes over China’s Major Cities. Mao gains control of the country Chiang Kai-shek & KMT leaders flee to Taiwan People’s Republic of China

Credits Beck, Roger B. et al. Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction. Boston: McDougal Littell. 1999. Craig, Albert M. et al. The Heritage of Western Civilizations New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 2000. No Author Given. Chinese Photo Gallery. http://www.chinese-gifts.com.hk/index.htm No Author Given. China. Compton’s Encyclopedia Online http://www.comptons.com/encyclopedia/ARTICLES/0025/00397568_A.html