The Origins of American Politics 1789 - 1820

Liberty vs. Order in the 1790’s Washington’s Administration Treasury Sec. Alexander Hamilton Federalist / loose constructionist Bank of the United States – national debt, tariffs, taxes Sec. of State Thomas Jefferson Anti-Federalist / strict constructionist Whiskey Rebellion Farmers upset over Whiskey Tax = rebellion Washington cracks down hard American Neutrality U.S. tries to stay out of the Britain v. France conflict Jay’s Treaty: Britain leaves forts in West, but fails to end naval harassment of U.S. ships

Rise of Political Parties Federalists Led by Hamilton and John Adams Pro Britain See chart p. 202 Republicans (Democratic Republicans) Led by Thomas Jefferson Anti-Federalists Pro France Washington’s Farewell Address Warns against Political Party affiliations Warns against foreign entanglements

Adams Administration Relations with France strained Domestic Issues French begin seizing U.S. ships XYZ Affair - increases U.S. anger toward France (cartoon p. 208) Domestic Issues Alien Act – Gov. can imprison / deport foreigners Sedition Act – Criticism of gov. is illegal Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions – declare these acts unconstitutional in those states Election of 1800 Adams wins electoral college Jefferson wins popular vote House of Representatives chooses Jefferson Peaceful transfer of power proves U.S. system works

Jefferson Administration Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review Louisiana Purchase (1803) James Monroe buys French lands for $15 million 1804 -1806, Lewis and Clark explore new territory and make it to Pacific See Map p. 216 Foreign Policy By 1805, British now harassing US ships Embargo Act of 1807: no trade with Britain or France See Political Cartoon p. 231

Native American Resistance Native Americans continue to be forced off land after Revolution Native American Reactions Little Turtle: Accept White Culture Handsome Lake: Blend Indian and American Cultures The Prophet: Return to Indian Traditions Tecumseh: Take Military Action, later help British vs. U.S. in War of 1812

The War of 1812 Causes The War War Hawks in Congress want Brits out of North America supporting Native Americans / British Navy harassment President Madison declares war in June, 1812 See Primary Sources p. 226 The War US at disadvantage with small army and navy Land war mostly unsuccessful Naval War: “Don’t Give Up the Ship!” – Capt. James Lawrence Brits burn Washington DC and bombard Baltimore (Star Spangled Banner drafted by Francis Scott Key)

War of 1812 Effects of the War Missouri Compromise (1820) Treaty of Ghent – ends war with old boundaries intact but no end to British – American Tensions Washington D.C. burned down Heroes like Jackson helped unify nation Federalist Party essentially dead Economic upheaval Missouri Compromise (1820) Slave vs. Free State debate heats up Missouri enters union as slave state / Maine enters free The North – South boundary of slave – free states established

Crash Course! The Birth of American Politics The War of 1812