Pick up the papers by the door. Bellringer: 2-9 and 2-10 Pick up the papers by the door. 2. Take out your notes and spend ~5 minutes reviewing for your quiz today.

After your quiz… Update your ToC: 96: Quiz: Pax Romana/Christianity 97: Notes – Fall of Roman Empire 98: Cause and Effect WS 99: Rome Unit Study Guide Write down your HW: Begin studying for your Rome Unit Test; stoplight study guide to prepare for review day next class

Agenda: 2-9 and 2-10 Bellringer Quiz: Pax Romana, Imperial Rome, and Christianity Notes: Fall of Roman Empire Cause & Effect: Events in Rome Study Guide Stop-Lighting

THE FALL OF ROME

During the third century C. E During the third century C.E. sources of prosperity that existed during Pax Romana disappeared.

What were the immediate (external) causes of Rome’s fall? External forces worked to bring about fall of Rome Migration by Germanic tribes 2. Invasion of The Huns Fall of the Roman Empire

Who were the Germanic tribes? Barbarians Called the Visigoths Lived along the Danube River Entered Rome, fought Rome in the late 300s CE Sack Rome in 410 CE

Who were the Germanic tribes? Barbarians Called the Visigoths Lived along the Danube River Entered Rome, fought Rome in the late 300s CE Sack Rome in 410 CE

Who were the Huns? Fierce Mongol nomads from Central Asia Invaded central Europe in 370 CE Led by Attila the Hun

What Internal forces bring about the fall of Rome?

Political Issues Political office seen as burden, not reward. Military interference in politics  Civil war and unrest. Division of Empire. Moving capital eastward to Byzantium. Decline in interest in public affairs.

Social Issues Decline in interest in public affairs. Low confidence in empire. Disloyalty, lack of patriotism, corruption. Large divide between rich and poor.

Economic Issues Poor harvests. Disruption of trade. No more war plunder. Gold and silver drain  inflation increases High taxes. Widening gap between rich and poor and increasingly impoverished Western empire Tried to fix problems, by They raised taxes to try an get more money and they starting minting coins that contained less silver. This led to INFLATION: Value of money goes DOWN prices of goods goes UP

Military Issues Threat from northern European tribes. Low funds for defense. Problems recruiting Roman citizens; recruiting of non-Romans. Decline of patriotism and loyalty among soldiers. In the army discipline and loyalty collapsed! Soldiers were no longer loyal to Rome. The government began to recruit Mercenaries:Foreign soldiers who fought for money. They accepted little pay for service but were not loyal to Rome. Romans had once considered holding political office an honor. By the 200’s few chose to serve in the government. Only the army remained interested in politics. In a 50 year period – 50 generals were emperors of Rome.

Political Social Economic Military Political office seen as burden, not reward. Military interference in politics. Civil war and unrest. Division of Empire. Moving of capital to Byzantium. Decline in interest in public affairs. Low confidence in empire. Disloyalty, lack of patriotism, corruption. Contrast between rich and poor. Poor harvests. Disruption of trade. No more war plunder. Gold and silver drain. Inflation. Crushing tax burden. Widening gap between rich and poor and increasingly impoverished Western empire. Threat from northern European tribes. Low funds for defense. Problems recruiting Roman citizens; recruiting of non-Romans. Decline of patriotism and loyalty among soldiers. Lack of fertility (farms) Farmers begin to abandon farms because of the high taxes Slave labor discouraged the use of technology Food shortages Disease War Lack of Loyalty in the Military

Rome Hangs on For Another 200 Years with the Help of Reformers DIOCLETIAN CONSTANTINE

DIOCLETIAN Doubled the size of the army Set fixed prices for goods Persecuted Christians Divided the Empire in half – East and West because he thought it was too big to control Ordered farmers to stay on their land and other workers to stay in their jobs for life.

CONSTANTINE Continued Diocletian's reforms Makes Christianity legal religion (Edict of Milan) He renamed Byzantium to Constantinople. A.D. 330 he moved the capital EAST from Rome to the Greek city of Byzantium – this new location was centrally located for trade.

Who were the Huns? Who was Attila? Fierce Mongol nomads from central Asia. They began invading the regions of the Rhine and Danube rivers around 370 A.D., destroying all in their path! Who was Attila? The Huns powerful Chieftain

Rome’s Last Emperor: Romulus Augustus A 14-year-old boy named Romulus Augustulus. In 476 AD he was deposed by a German general named Odoacer and sent into exile.

How was Rome Divided After its Fall? WEST EAST BYZANTINE EMPIRE ROMAN EMPIRE

What territories does Rome lose?

Major Events in Rome CAUSE EFFECT Name: ________________ Block: _____ Date: ______ Major Events in Rome Directions: The following chart lists the causes and effects of certain events in Rome. Fill in the blanks. CAUSE EFFECT Rome had 20-25% arable land = need to trade to get food Apennine Mtns  help limit arable land Had good harbors = easy sea trade Rome’s economy relied heavily on trade and agriculture. Plebeians made tribunes (Conflict of Orders) Large gap between rich and poor emerges = tensions between classes Civil war  Plebeians leave Rome establishes their republic. The republic was divided into two groups: Patricians and Plebeians. The Plebeians were citizens and could vote, but were not allowed to hold positions of power. Large estates were created when aristocrats took over state owned land and bought out small peasant owners. These large estates are also called: latifundia. Small farmers  cities  no jobs for them  jobless and homeless (unemployment goes up) Slaves are doing urban work Punic Wars  specifically after 1st phase (Rome gets Sicily) Rome gains control of the western Mediterranean Sea. Julius Caesar names himself dictator for life and makes drastic changes in Rome (i.e. grants citizenship to many, expands the senate) and the senators fear that they might lose their influence. Republic is over, empire beings JC is assassinated  2nd Triumvirate  Octavian (Augustus) is our first emperor