Chapter 11: Water

3/27/17 Warm Up What is water conservation? Why is it important to “conserve” water? What does that even mean?

Your new unit… Your next unit will consist of several different mini-projects Your Water Mini-Project will be to design your own water filter. You will write your procedures as well as your lab reports. This will count as a test grade You will have a test NEXT week over Chapters 11 and 12

The Water Cycle… Remember the water cycle: Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Fresh water is a limited resource Why??

Water Surface water: River systems: a network of streams and rivers Lakes Rivers Streams Wetlands River systems: a network of streams and rivers Watershed: land area drained by river

Water Groundwater (GW): Water found below earth’s surface Water table/Aquifer

Water Aquifer: holds gw Porosity: pores in rocks Permeability: ability of water to flow through rocks/soil Recharge Zone: Where water re-enters aquifer

Water Wells: Wells dug to reach gw Many wells are self-purified However, wells and gw can become contaminated

Water Use and Management Think of all the ways we use water…

Water Use Global: Residential: Industrial Use Agricultural Use Drinking Cooking Washing Toilet Flushing Watering Lawns Washing Cars

Water Treatment As mentioned, water can become contaminated Water has to be made potable, or drinkable Toxins frequently removed: Mercury Lead** (actual elemental lead, pencil lead is NOT elemental lead) Arsenic Pathogens: Bacteria Viruses Protozoa

Water Use: Industrial Water Use: Agricultural Water Use: Accounts for 19% of water used worldwide Agricultural Water Use: Accounts for 67% of water use worldwide

Water Management… Humans have been altering streams and rivers for thousands of years Large cities are usually found near a major water source Aqueducts were engineered by Romans and are still used Dams are used as water and power sources

Water Conservation at Home What are some steps we can take to conserve water at home?

Water Conservation at Home Install low-flow toilets and shower-heads Water lawns at night Have a xeriscaped landscape Wash only full loads of laundry and dishes

Water Shortages Freshwater is a much needed resource We have to use desalination techniques to provide more freshwater (take salt away from the freshwater) This process is very costly and most developing countries cannot afford it Water transportation: Using ships to transport water Moving glaciers to use water

Homework for tonight/now 11.1 and 11.2 (1-6) due Thursday Finish vocabulary for Ch. 11 (due tomorrow) Tomorrow: We will get 11.3 notes and look at designing an experiment

Section 11.3

Water Pollution When water quality is degraded by: Chattanooga Creek Biological Chemical Physical agents Chattanooga Creek EPA “Superfund” Site

Two types of water pollution… Point-source Pollution: Nonpoint-source Pollution:

Activity… Split into groups Look at picture (Please don’t write on it!) Make 3 columns to: -Identify areas of potential pollution Explain if it is point-source or non point-source List any and all words you may not know or understand

Wastewater Where does water go when it goes down the drain? Wastewater contains waste from homes/industries A wastewater treatment plant is filtered and treated to make the water clean enough to return to a river or lake Sewage Sludge: The solid matter that is left behind after water treatment This in itself is a problem The sludge is toxic, so what do we do with it?

Warm Ups 3/28/17 What are some examples of biological, chemical, and physical pollutants that can get into waterways? Explain the difference between point-source and nonpoint-source pollution.

Artificial Eutrophication Phosphates and Nitrates from fertilizers cause “artificial” eutrophication Algal blooms No light gets through plants can’t make O2  fish can’t get O2  fish die

Thermal Pollution When the temperature of a lake, river, or stream increases, this can occur Nuclear Power Plant run off can cause this Fish kills can occur here too

Groundwater Pollution Pesticides Herbicides Chemical fertilizers Petroleum products Underground storage tanks/faulty liners can lead to groundwater pollution, leaky pipelines Some molecules are hydrophilic

Ocean Pollution It is not illegal to dump garbage into the ocean Most ocean pollution comes from land activities Oil Spills: Exxon Valdez Gulf of Mexico

Water Pollution and Ecosystems Pollution can cause immediate ecosystem damage It can also cause damage via biomagnification Mercury DDT Clean Water Act: passed in 1972; Cuyahoga River

Assignment: Pg. 293: 1-2; For #2, you must write an evidence based editorial Graphic organizer (pgs. 296-298 will help): Make a timeline summarizing Table 6 on pg. 313; Don’t copy word for word. Just the general idea behind the laws. Residential Industrial Agricultural Characteristics: Water Conservation

Warm Up 3/29/17 How do fertilizers contribute to artificial eutrophication? How does biomagnification negatively affect fishes and other organisms?

Lab today: Water filter construction Testing of water Lab Report