Scale of Fermentation process:- Large Scale, Small Scale & Pilot Scale Fermentation Presented by: Neha Agrawal m.sc. 3rd sem

content Introduction Component of fermenter Scale of Fermentation Small scale fermentation Objectives Material and method Fermentation design Large scale fermentation Pilot scale fermentation Advantages & disadvantages of fermenter

Ranges of fermentation process To produce microbial cells or biomass To produce microbial enzymes. To produce microbial metabolites. To produce recombinant products. To modify a compound which is added to the fermentation ( transformation)

Fermenter A fermenter is basically a device in which the organism are cultivated to form the desired product. It is containment system design to give right environment for optimal growth and metabolic activity of the organism

Scale up of fermenter Small scale fermentor Large scale fermentor Pilot scale fermentor

Small scale fermenter Small scale fermenter are same as large fermenter (bioreactor). They are two type : bench scale or lab scale system. They are small but highly automated and customized for the application. Precursor of large plant. They can lab as CSTR or autoclave fixed, fixed on fluidized bed reactor application.

Objective Minimize manual handling. Releasing economic on scale. Production if biopharmaceutical. Large scale experimentation are time consuming and expensive. They are use to exphase key variable before a move to large scale bioreactor is made.

Material and method Tank- bioreactor Media- media for animal (serum, serum free) for plant (MS, B5) for microbes (urea enrichment) Power requirement- Inoculums- Inoculation of small scale fermenter of 250-1000 liter capacity. Fermenter inoculating using submerged inoculums for seed fermenters.

Maintains and optimum condition- pH Temperature Agitation Aeration oxygen demand Harvesting – Product are two type- Intracellular (Biomass) Extracellular (Remove cell)

If the product are extracellular, product is removal of large solid particle and microbes cell usually be centrifugation. The broth is fractionated or extracted in to major fraction using ultracentrifugation, reverse osmosis, gel filtration/ ion exchange/ adsorption.

Fermenter design This largely determines the ranges of temperature and pH that can considered, the degree of aerobiocity required and the probable effect of contamination. The selection of fermenter configuration, i.e. a form of batch stirred, continuous stirred tank or tubular fermenter.

The determination of fermenter dimension, e. g The determination of fermenter dimension, e.g. volume and diameter, and the values of the operating variables, temp., and pH . The extent of the heat transfer surface and the mixing devise required. Power and aeration requirements. The mechanical design, including selection of materials of construction and maintenance of aseptic conditions.

Small scale fermentation design Two type of fermenter- Bench fermenter Lab scale fermenter. Capacity-(1 – 100 liter). Height Ratio 2:1. Portable and fixed.

Large scale fermenter They are large capacity is variable. Many size variable. 2:1 ratio is common. Common type CSTR. E.g.:- bioreactor.

Pilot scale fermenter A pilot scale fermenter is a small industrial system, which is operated to generate information about the behavior of the system for use in design of larger facilities. Pilot plant is a relative term in the sense that plants are typically smaller than full- scale production plants, but are built in a range of sizes.