World Meteorological Organization Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems Demonstration Project - Concept By Maryam Golnaraghi, Ph.D. Chief, Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Programme

International Attention on Early Warning Systems with “Multi-Hazard” Approach First International Early Warning Conferences (Postdam, 1998) Second World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg, 2002) Johannesburg Plan of Implementation Second International Early Warning Conferences (Bonn, 2003) Platform for Promotion of Early Warnings World Conference on Disaster Reduction (Kobe, January 2005) Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 G8 Summit and UN General Assembly (2005, 2006) Global Early Warning Survey (2006) Third International Early Warning Conference (Bonn, March 2006) WMO Symposium on Multi-Hazard EWS for Integrated Disaster Management (Geneva, May 2006) First Session of Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (biannual meeting 5-7 June 2007)

Request from EC-LVIII (1/2) To document and share successful cases of NMHSs in the prevention and mitigation of meteorological-, hydrological and climate-related disasters, focusing on their efforts in combining their warning services with the disaster prevention and preparedness operations organized by governments, which played a vital role in reducing the loss of human life and property.

Request from EC-LVIII (2/2) With regards to the “multi-hazard” approach, EC LVIII requested That the feasibility and potential achievable benefits of the multi-hazard approach be further explored through clear demonstration projects to determine whether economies and synergies could be achieved through building on and complementing existing early warning systems capacities, infrastructures and activities of various partners involved in different aspects of early warning systems.

WMO Symposium ″Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems″ WMO Headquarter, May 2006 Goals: 1) To explore further the concept of “multi-hazard” approach to early warning systems, 2) To recommend examples of good practices Participants: 99 experts and practitioners from 18 agencies and NMHSs, WMO Programmes Co-Sponsored by: ISDR Secretariat, World Bank, UNDP, IFRC, UNESCO, OCHA

Need for Strong Governance, Organizational Coordination and Operational Processes 3) Dissemination and Communication Effective warning messages Incorporation of information about risks in warning messages Understandable warning messages Authoritative warnings (Authentication of sources) Dissemination networks Interoperability (use of international standards) Redundancy and resilience of networks Same distribution channels for warnings of different hazards (cost efficiency, reliability and effectiveness) Standard warning terminologies (nationwide, and across borders, traffic light concept) 1) Early Detection, Monitoring and Warning Services Strengthen observation systems Coverage Sustainability Inter-operability Multi-use of networks (where practical) Built on "system of systems" concept Data policies Prediction and forecasting Methodologies, accuracy and lead time Multi-disciplinary 2) Risk Knowledge and Integration in Warning Messages Data gaps, quality, accessibility, sharing Hazard Vulnerability (e.g. socio-economic, topographic…) Standardized methodologies and expertise (e.g. hazard analysis, risk modelling) Understanding of the changing patterns of risk (e.g. hazard, vulnerabilities) Local capacities 4) Integration in Preparedness and Response Processes Education and awareness (emergency responders, authorities, risk managers, emergency responders, media, public…): Understanding of warnings and uncertainties Awareness of less frequent events Cross-Training of Operational Agencies Operational planning Drills Community preparedness

WMO EWS Symposium Criteria for Identification of Good Practices Political commitment, DRR plans, legislation, roles and responsibilities Coordination mechanism among agencies Authoritative, understandable warnings Combine hazard, risk and response information Dissemination Mechanisms Match resources and culture Sustainability, interoperability, reliability Integration of warning information in emergency preparedness and response actions Community-based Emergency preparedness and training programmes Feedback mechanisms to improve the system

WMO EWS Symposium Identified Examples of Good Practices France Vigilance system Shanghai Emergency Preparedness System Cuba tropical cyclone early warning system Bangladesh Cyclone Preparedness Programme Noted that there are other such good practices that need to be also identified

Multi-Hazard Early Warning Demonstration Project Concept

Protection of lives, livelihood and property (1) Governance, Organizational Coordination and Operational Processes (3) Cost-Benefits Analysis (2) Strengthened operational Technical capacities and inter-agency cooperation D A T Warnings, specialized forecasts, and other Services Disaster Preparedness and Response Systems Protection of lives, livelihood and property Media Internet Internet SMS Other

Coordination and Cooperation With Other Agencies for Early Detection, Development and Issuance of Warning Increasing Level of coordination with civil protection and risk management agencies for issuance of warnings Type I Type II Type III Hazard under mandate of other agencies but NMHS contribute e.g. locust, health epidemic, man-made hazards Hazard fully under the mandate of NMHS e.g. strong winds, strong rainfall, snow/ice, hail, tropical cyclone Hazard under joint mandate with another technical agency e.g. floods, landslides, heat/health etc. Increasing Level of coordination with technical agencies for early detection, monitoring and development of warnings

Deliverables 1) Documentation of governance, organizational coordination and operational processes; NMHSs’ support and response to national to local needs Strengthening operational capacities and inter-agencies coordination and cooperation for Development, delivery and utilization of warnings Driven by priorities and requirements 3) Analysis of benefits of early warning systems Sustainability of capacities 5) Sharing experiences and good practices Publications, manuals, study tours, training workshops, symposia

Project Planning Concept 4 - Step Process 1. Establish partnership and "buy-in" Plan and develop demonstration project Driven by priorities and requirements Project Management Team Project planning (deliverables, timelines, milestones) Planning pre- and post-project actions Secretariat crosscutting task team to support the project Implement demonstration project Validate concepts Work out problem areas Sustain capacities and broaden project Share experience

France Vigilance System Hazards + NEW: Flood warning map Strong wind Strong rainfall Thunderstorm Snow/Ice Avalanches Heat waves Level of warning Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Warnings activate cascades of preparedness and response plans, actions and responsibilities Legislation Planning Authoritative Warnings Organizational linkages Training and feedback Green No special vigilance required. Yellow Potentially dangerous and unusual meteorological phenomena have been forecast. Be very vigilant. Keep informed about meteorological conditions. Orange Be very vigilant; dangerous meteorological phenomena are forecast; keep informed about meteorological evolution and follow advice from authorities. High tech hydrometeorological products and services + human expertise => collective and individual prevention measures and reactions. Flood warnings: montoring, forecasting and warning at the watershed level ; legislation, planning, and response at the local government level (differents borders and entities). EXAMPLE: HOW HEAT WAVE ALERTS HAVE BEEN INCLUDED IN THE SYSTEM 2003 heatwave impacts have led to formalized agreements between Météo France and two institutions in charge of public health. By the end of 2003 (see also Chapter 6), a first agreement was quickly set out to provide some new indicators, albeit on a provisional basis, with the operationally oriented "Institut de Veille Sanitaire" (Institute for Sanitary Watch). Another collaboration which is much more far-reaching was established in July 2004 with the medical research institute INSERM. According to the press release, it is due to enlarge and enhance the combined research on heat (and cold) waves and their impact on public health,with an aim to document and study in details the bio-meteorological mechanisms at much finer scales and over a longer period of 30 years. national to local authorities

Shanghai City: Multi-Hazard Early Warning and Emergency Response Programme Governance : (mega) city-level. Organisational: Top-down (monitoring, forecasting, warning) and bottom-up Operational: Community-based + high tech monitoring and alerting tools Multi-Hazard Approach: Services are specialized but shared for alert dissemination and response mechanisms.