Circuit Court of Appeals 12 circuits, 167 judges (Panels of 3) Appellate Civil and Criminal 1891 (Relieve S.C.) Life 40,000 cases, uphold, reverse, send back
District Courts 94 Courts, 632 judges Original Jurisdiction Civil and Criminal 1789 Life 300,000 cases yearly (80%)
Ct. of Appeals for Federal Circuit 1 ct. 12 judges Appellate Civil 1982 Life Courts 8, 9, 14
Court of International Trade 1 ct., 9 judges (panels of 3) Original Civil 1926 Life Tariff and Trade Laws
2. Legislative Courts: Created to help Congress exercise its powers.
US Claims Court 1 ct., 16 judges Original Civil 1892 15 years $ Claims against US
US Tax Court 1 Ct, 19 judges Original (Tax) Civil 1969 12 yr terms IRS disputes
Court of Military Appeals 1 ct., 5 civilian judges Appellate Criminal 1951 15 years GI Supreme Ct.
Territorial Courts 4 cts, 10 judges Original Civil and criminal Varies 10 years Like state courts
Courts of District of Columbia 1 ct. 15 judges Original (DC) Civil/Criminal 1863 4 years superior, 8 years appellate Like State Courts
Ct. of Veterans’ Appeals 1 ct, 7 judges, Appellate Civil 1988 15 years Veteran Affairs Claims
Military Courts Army, Navy, Marine, Air Force Original Criminal
Federal Regulatory Agencies Quasi-judicial FTC, EPA, etc.
State Supreme Courts 50 Civil/Criminal