Volume 46, Issue 6, Pages 698-708 (December 2004) Molecular Biomarker in Prostate Cancer: The Role of CpG Island Hypermethylation  Patrick J. Bastian, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, Ganesh S. Palapattu, Craig G. Rogers, Xiaohui Lin, Angelo M. De Marzo, William G. Nelson  European Urology  Volume 46, Issue 6, Pages 698-708 (December 2004) DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2004.07.022 Copyright © 2004 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Detection of GSTP1 hypermethylation in prostate cancer with restriction enzyme based assays [19,30,49,52,64]. On top, the regulatory region of the GSTP1 gene is shown in red from base pair −851 to +239 relative to the transcriptional start site (represented by a green arrow). Vertical black bars indicate CpG dinucleotides. For Southern blot assay the restriction enzyme cutting site is shown as a pink vertical bar (base pair −562 and −564) within the southern blot probe. For restriction enzymes PCR assays, the PCR amplicon is shown along with all restriction enzyme cutting sites (vertical pink lines) within the amplicon. European Urology 2004 46, 698-708DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2004.07.022) Copyright © 2004 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Detection of GSTP1 hypermethylation in prostate cancer with bisulfite treatment based assays [37–41,45,48,57,61–64,66–69,71,72–86,88–102]. On top, the regulatory region of the GSTP1 gene is shown in red from base pair −851 to +239 relative to the transcriptional start site (represented by a green arrow). Vertical black bars indicate CpG dinucleotides. For bisulfite genomic sequencing, the amplicons are indicated as horizontal black lines. For methylation specific PCR arrows indicate the primer annealing sites. For real time methylation specific PCR, the taqman probe hybridization site is shown between the specific primers. European Urology 2004 46, 698-708DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2004.07.022) Copyright © 2004 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 A comparison of the overall frequency of hypermethylation at various CpG islands in prostate cancer [19,30,37–41,45,49,52,57,61,63–71,72–86,88–102], renal cell carcinoma [69,103–118] and urothelial cancer of the urinary bladder [26,119–131]. The overall frequency of methylation at each CpG island was calculated by dividing the total number of cases studied in the literature by the total number of cases that were methylated at each CpG island. This comparison suggests that a hypermethylation profile can uniquely identify each urological malignancy. European Urology 2004 46, 698-708DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2004.07.022) Copyright © 2004 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 A comparison of the overall frequence of CpG island hpermethylation in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer (PCA) [19,30,37–41,45,49,52,57,61,63–86,88–102]. The overall frequency was determined as described in the legend of Fig. 3. European Urology 2004 46, 698-708DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2004.07.022) Copyright © 2004 Terms and Conditions