The New Network TNC Prague Principles, Architecture and Application to R&E TNC Prague Pradeep Sindhu May 17, 2011

High-Level Architecture Computing and Storage The Core Network Contents General Remarks High-Level Architecture Computing and Storage The Core Network The Campus Network Cloud + Mobility Virtualization Programmability 2

FUNDAMENTAL INDUSTRY CHALLENGE Bandwidth, # Services Network Bandwidth, Cost, Revenue revenue cost But first, I want to get to the root of why we need to innovate, and why we need the external ecosystem to innovate. It is because our industry faces a fundamental challenge: While network use is growing exponentially, the number of applications is exploding, and networks are clearly increasingly central to our lives, network service providers find it increasingly difficult to grow profitably. In fact costs are in many cases rising faster than revenues, and this is clearly not sustainable. Time Chart reflects non-GAAP data

OUR ANSWER: THE NEW NETWORK Old Network New Network Inflexible Programmable SILO’d Infrastructure & Operations Shared Infrastructure & Operations One “Killer App” per Network Long Tail of Apps Slowly Growing Network Use Exponentially Growing Network Use

AT THE CENTER OF A MUCH BROADER TREND The global information infrastructure is being re-architected, by escalating cost, user preference, and an increasingly powerful network The New Network will be central to this transformation. All unconnected information systems will become worthless. This shift will transform all industries associated with producing, consuming, storing, processing, and transporting information “Centralize what you can, distribute what you must”

THIS NEW INFRASTRUCTURE HAS THREE PARTS Clients Global High-Performance Network Mega Data Centers Device Individual Home Branch Campus

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES The infrastructure must deliver information to end-users anytime, anywhere, across any device type at world-wide scale End-users are not only humans, but any information processing system Performance requirements will increase exponentially Build infrastructure out of a small number of programmable building blocks that can be virtualized and shared Building blocks must be independent of Applications & Users This minimizes CAPEX by amortizing the cost over (#Applications * #Users) Automate everything that can be automated This minimizes OPEX by converting manual labor into automated tasks Automation requires centralization, consolidation, and simplification Provide an open software ecosystem to maximize the rate of innovation Divide up the platform into layers, with upper layers being more open Use a platform based approach that makes it easy to write software Provide economic incentives for external people to write applications

Principle 1: Connect everything empower everyone All information systems on the planet must be connected into a single global high-performance network because this maximizes their effectiveness … We uniquely assumed this network would Use a single general-purpose mechanism: the Internet Protocol Connect anything that can produce, consume, process, or store information Handle any communication application permissible by laws of physics Handle global scale so everything could be connected Juniper’s founding vision is that all information systems on the planet will one day be connected into a single global high-performance network because this maximizes their utility, and in doing so enriches every aspect of human existence. Out of all the companies in the networking industry, Juniper was unique in assuming that the network should: use a single general-purpose mechanism based around TCP/IP; other companies hedged their bets with technologies that fell by the wayside connect any information system—natural or artificial, capable of producing, consuming, processing, or storing information support any communication application that was permissible by the laws of physics be implemented at global scale to maximize its value to end-users

PRINCIPLE 2: Programmable building blocks General Purpose Power More Apps Increased Use Positive Feedback Scale Economics Cost Volume + Time Performance Many specialized implementations Single programmable implementation Critical Performance

Principle 3: automate everything Time Cost / Unit of Work Manual Automated Centralize What You Can, Distribute What You Must

Principle 4: open software ecosystem General Purpose Power More Apps Increased Use Positive Feedback Scale Economics Cost Volume + Ecosystem Examples: System 360 / OS 360 IBM PC / Microsoft Windows iPhone / App Store

HIGH LEVEL ARCHITECTURE Large-scale Computing & Storage Application Factory Control point for infrastructure Master copy of persistent state Mega Data Centers Core Switching: DC-DC DC-CO CO-CO Super Core Universal Edge: Network SVC Creation Content Caching Managed Security Programmable Edge Services Passive Optical Macro Cell Access Network End-Users

Large scale computing Large scale computing is core to the R&E agenda Two fundamental principles for building large scale computers Geographical centralization (raw speed) Pooling of resources (efficiency) Both argue for large scale, virtualized data centers Key performance bottleneck: internal data center network Technology limitations exacerbate the problem Lots of slower cores rather than few very fast ones High latency, low bandwidth permanent storage The stage is set for a fundamental disruption and networking will be at its heart

INSIDE A MEGA DATA CENTER Data Center Manager Routers Appliances Servers Key Fabric Properties 1. Any-to-any, fair, non-blocking 2. Low latency and jitter 3. No packet drops under congestion 4. Linear cost and power scaling 5. Support of virtual networks and services 6. Modular distributed implementation 7. Single logical device Storage

The core network A fast, cost effective core network is critical to R&E Historically there have been multiple dimensions to the debate Packet switching versus circuit switching Electronics versus optics Integrated architecture versus overlay versus partitioned From a technology perspective these debates are settled Packet switching wins over circuit switching (economics) Optics for point to point transmission, electronics for rest (laws of physics) Integrated architecture versus overlay or partitioned (economics) Emergence of a new network element: the transport router Extremely high speed, low cost packet switching Direct implementation of 10, 40, and 100GE optics Tight integration with transmission elements (multiplexers, ROADM’s…)

THE CONVERGED SUPERCORE

INSIDE THE CAMPUS Building A Building B Local Data Center

CLOUD + MOBILITY Cloud Data Center Cloud Data Center Local Data Center

Virtualization Typically applied only to computing but is critical for computing, storage, and networking Principle objective is to permit efficient sharing of infrastructure without imposing too many constraints Additional objective is to provide independent playgrounds for experimentation Six abstractions are needed, one for each resource type Virtual Data Centers (= VM’s + VD’s + VA’s + VLAN) VPN’s Network defines security policies VM and VD technologies not at the point where IO intensive applications perform well; coming hardware acceleration will help

VIRTUALIZATION VDC Virtual Slice of Core Virtual Slice of Campus VDC

PROGRAMMABILITY Specific need in R&E community to combine virtualization with the ability to do experimentation Key issue is to do this without disrupting production use of the network To do this we need network elements that are Powerful (right performance, right functionality) Can be implemented cost effectively Scalable One attempt to do this (OpenFlow) uses flow based forwarding as the paradigm Flow based forwarding cannot be implemented efficiently at scale Open JUNOS and JUNOS Space provide rich primitives for programming the network

SUMMARY Biggest trend is a new information infrastructure based on Consolidation Centralization Simplification Virtualization Programmability Overall architecture consists of Large scale, consolidated data centers Integrated optical and packet switched super core Scalable rich services edge Simplified access network Directly applicable to R&E infrastructure

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