Bromothymol Blue Lab

Bromothymol Blue Lab Bromothymol blue is a chemical indicator that changes color as the pH of a solution changes. It is yellow in acidic solutions and blue in basic and neutral solutions. When CO2 is dissolved in water, it creates carbonic acid, pH 5.7. In the body, carbonic acid is neutralized by bicarbonate. One of the products of Cellular Respiration is CO2. As cells produce CO2, it is carried by blood cells to our lungs where it is exhaled.

Bromothymol Blue Lab How is breathing related to cellular respiration? Hypothesis: How will exercise affect the rate of cellular respiration? How can Bromothymol blue help you measure your rate of cellular respiration?

Bromothymol Blue Lab Materials Stopwatch Use your cell phone if necessary. Drinking Straws Found on the side of the room. Bromothymol blue solution You need 5 mL. Beaker Graduated cylinder SAFETY GOGGLES FOR PERSON WHO IS HANDELING BROMOTHYMOL BLUE

Bromothymol Blue Lab Safety Note Do NOT inhale bromothymol blue. If you do, the nurse/I have to induce vomiting. No fun. If you think you may laugh or inhale or something, don’t be directly part of this experiment. Do NOT leave the bottles of BTB open – they’re air sensitive. Obviously…

Procedures Assign one person to be the timer, and one person to perform the experiment. Fill the beaker with approximately 40 mL water and 5 mL bromothymol blue solution. When the timer says “START”, the experimenter will exhale FROM THE LUNGS through the straw into the bromothymol blue solution until the color changes from blue to green. Your partner will stop the time as soon as the color changes. Record the time it took for the color change in the observation table below. This is the control group.

Procedures Now have the experimenter do jumping jacks or a similar exercise for 1 minute. You should feel a little winded when you are finished! Rinse out the beaker, and refill with 40 mL water and 5 mL bromothymol blue solution. Using the same straw, exhale into the solution the same way as in the control group and record how long it takes for the solution to change color. Write down the time it took for the color change in the observation table below. This is the variable group.

Clean Up Throw away used straws. Pour used Bromothymol blue down the sink with the water running. Rinse out and dry beakers and graduated cylinders. Wipe down area. Graph, analyze and answer the questions.

Cellular Respiration Crash Course

Basically the reverse of Photosynthesis! Cellular Respiration Definition: The process of breaking down glucose to release energy and form molecules of ATP Need to change the “currency” of energy from chemical bonds of glucose into ATP currency. Equation: 6 6 6 C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP Basically the reverse of Photosynthesis!

Glycolysis Glucose 2 Pyruvic Acids Occurs in cytoplasm (Does not need oxygen = Anaerobic) Glucose 2 Pyruvic Acids C 2 ATP in 4 ATP out NAD+ NADH

Glycolysis Glucose 2 Pyruvic Acids 2 NET ATP 2 ATP in 4 ATP out NADH NAD+ 2 NET ATP NAD+ picks up Hydrogen/electrons for later! (ETC)

If oxygen is NOT present… If oxygen is present… If oxygen is NOT present… Krebs Cycle aka: Citric Acid Cycle Fermentation Occurs in mitochondria Needs oxygen = Aerobic Flip your paper OVER

C

2 NET ATP produced (remember there are 2 pyruvates!) Krebs Cycle aka: Citric Acid Cycle Continued Fermentation 2 NET ATP produced (remember there are 2 pyruvates!) NAD+ and FAD+ pick up hydrogen/electrons for later (ETC) CO2 is given off!

Electron Transport Chain Fermentation Occurs in mitochondria Needs oxygen = Aerobic

Electron Transport Chain Fermentation NAD/FAD pass electrons from carrier to carrier until it reaches the final electron acceptor (oxygen) Hydrogen’s dropped off by NAD and FAD create concentration gradient H2O is released 34 ATP produced (about)

If oxygen is NOT present… If oxygen is present… If oxygen is NOT present… Krebs Cycle aka: Citric Acid Cycle Fermentation Def. - releases energy from glucose molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen Does not need oxygen = anaerobic Occurs in mitochondria Needs oxygen = Aerobic Flip your paper OVER

2 NET ATP produced (remember there are 2 pyruvates!) Fermentation Continued Krebs Cycle aka: Citric Acid Cycle Continued Two types: Alcoholic Fermentation Example: Yeast causes bread to rise. Wine, root beer, ginger ale can also be made. 2 NET ATP produced (remember there are 2 pyruvates!) NAD+ and FAD+ pick up hydrogen/electrons for later (ETC) CO2 is off!

Electron Transport Chain Fermentation Electron Transport Chain Lactic Acid Fermentation Example: Overworked muscles produce lactic acid which causes muscle cramps, cheese and kimchi also can be produced by fermentation. NAD/FAD pass electrons from carrier to carrier until it reaches the final electron acceptor (oxygen) Hydrogen’s dropped off by NAD and FAD create concentration gradient H2O is released 34 ATP produced (about)

Voting on Soda Flavors Root beer Cream Soda Cola Cherry Birch beer Pick 3 Root beer Cream Soda Cola Cherry Birch beer Raspberry

Materials Clean 2 Liter plastic soft drink bottle 1 cup measuring cup ¼ tsp measuring spoon 1Tbl measuring spoon Funnel 1 cup table sugar Flavor extract (1Tbl spoon) Champagne yeast (1/4 tsp) Water

Making Soda in Science Class! Background Information Pre-Lab Questions What is the equation for cellular respiration? What do you think the reactants of the soda reaction are (Make sure you read carefully, it may not be identical to the question above)? What do you think the products of the soda will be? Are we performing aerobic or anaerobic respiration in this experiment? Explain why.

Cellular Respiration Equation __________ + ________  _________ + __________ +________ Remember… If you know the photosynthesis equation, you know this one!

Cellular Respiration Review Read each clue and try to answer! If you need an extra clue, Miss L will give you the word scrambled. During cellular respiration, the cell releases energy from this material. (LCUOSEG) The energy molecule created during cellular respiration. (TAP)

The type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen. (RBIAOCE) The cell structure in which most of the reactions of cellular respiration occur. (OTMIDOHCRNIA) In addition to energy, the other two products of cellular respiration. (RBAONC) (XIDIODE) (AWTRE)

The type of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen. (NAEBACORI) The first stage of cellular respiration. (LCYOGLYISS) When oxygen is present; the second stage of cellular respiration. (TICIRC) (CDAI) (YCLCE)

What ATP is (the primary ________ source of for the cell). (NEREGY) Cells in the human body that are capable of anaerobic respiration. (USMLCE) Another name for the citric acid cycle. (REKBS) (YLCCE) As the energy of ATP is used by the body, the ATP becomes what compound? (DAP)

Cellular Respiration What Where A. Glycolysis B. Krebs Cycle C. ETC (Electron Transport Chain)

Cellular Respiration Fairy Tale

Oxygen present (aerobic) Glycolysis Oxygen present (aerobic) Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain No oxygen (anaerobic) Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation

Cellular Respiration Equation __________ + ________  _________ + __________ +________ Remember… If you know the photosynthesis equation, you know this one!

November 30th Warm-up Finish Cell Respiration Fairy Tale Objectives  Cellular Respiration Fairy Tale Quiz Homework  Honors: None Academic: None

Cellular Respiration Fairy Tale

Mitochondrial Disease Article

How does this stuff relate to me/ when will I ever use this? Read article. After reading: Write a 3 paragraph response: 1st ¶ – Summary of article 2nd ¶ – How does this article relate to biology class? 3rd ¶ – Personal opinion (what did you think about the article? Did this information surprise you? If scientists studied mitochondria in more detail, could we help cure diseases?)