First, divide page as shown: Title Date We are going to take notes in a particular way…the Cornell Way! This side for notes and drawings This side for key points, main ideas, questions to be answered The bottom part for Summary

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION Ecosystems tend to change with time until a stable system is formed.

Ecological Succession The replacement of one community by another until a stable stage is reached is called succession.

So what might my page look like now? Ecological succession Today’s Date Succession- replacement of one comm.by another until stability reached

Climax Community The final stage of succession is called the climax community.

So what might my page look like now? Succession- replacement of one comm.by another until stability reached==called Climax Comm.

Primary Succession Primary succession occurs where there was no previous community (biotic factors), such as on bare rock or sand. Primary succession begins with pioneer organisms.

So what might my page look like now? Succession- replacement of one comm.by another until stability reached==called Climax Comm. 2 types of Succession: Primary- begins with new uncolonized habitat Pioneer organisms

Pioneer Organisms Pioneer organisms can tolerate extreme conditions: hot and cold; dry and wet. Moss and lichens are pioneer organisms.

Lichens Lichens are algae and fungus growing together in a mutualistic relationship. Algae make the food; fungus anchor and capture water.

Pioneer organisms Soil is produced over hundreds of years by pioneer organisms. These organisms break apart rock, This allows other organisms to grow there.

Succession occurs BECAUSE Each population will either do well or other populations will take over to form a more stable community. For example, some types of trees need a lot of sun and their saplings cannot grow under the shade of their own species. They will be replaced by the types of trees whose saplings can grow in shade of other trees.

Steps of Primary Succession:

Secondary Succession When a community is disrupted and succession occurs again, it is called secondary succession. Disruption may be from fire, farming, wind, foresting

Secondary Succession The community begins again where the former community was disrupted. Soil is already present.

So what might my page look like now? Succession- replacement of one comm.by another until stability reached==called Climax Comm. 2 types of Succession: Primary- begins with new uncolonized habitat; no soil present Pioneer organisms-**you should have filled in info here 2. Secondary – Comm disrupted and succession starts again. Soil already present

A community is still undergoing succession As long as the species keep changing: Here, the plants growing under the pine trees are NOT small pine trees, so the species will be changing as the old pine trees fall.

Climax Community The same climax community will develop unless the abiotic conditions have changed.

We can tell it’s a climax community- A climax community replaces itself with more of itself: Under sugar maple trees, we will see sugar maple saplings-that shows that it is a climax community

Climax Community The climax community will be part of the BIOME of that area. Our climax community- oak/hickory forest-is part of the temperate deciduous forest biome

SCHOOLYARD SUCCESSION Think about how our school campus looks today. Imagine that the school will be closed down permanently at the end of the day. The building will be bulldozed down and all the grass scraped off during removal of debris. Most of the soil remains. Create a timeline of the succession of the area. Assume that the area will remain undisturbed by humans. In your groups, create a timeline to describe the series of changes that restore equilibrium to an ecosystem. Begin with year “0” and labeL it “LAND DISTURBANCE”. Write a one or two sentence description of what the area looks like. Imagine you can revisit the area and document the changes. Record the year and write a one or two sentence description of what the area looks like each time you visit. BE SURE TO IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF PLANTS THAT ARE GROWING. The revisiting points are 1 YEAR, 15 YEARS, 85 YEARS. Label the timeline with the type of succession that is occurring and the campus name. i.e. THE ______________ SUCCESSION OF _____________ SCHOOL CAMPUS.