An Era of Change: 1968-1980

The Women’s Movement Feminism: The belief that women should have economic, political and social equality with men 1950: One woman out of three worked for wages 1960: 40% of women working for wages Mens work vs womens work; inequalities in pay 1961 Kennedy establishes Presidential commission Commission concluded in 1963: Women paid far less than men Women not promoted, regardless of experience, education or ability Betty Friedan writes The Feminine Mystique

The National Organization for Women Founded in 1966 Women felt the EEOC not adequately representing women's rights Within 3 years, 175,000 women join, including Gloria Steinem 1971 Steinem founds MS magazine Then founds National Women's Political Caucus to encourage women to run for office

Title IX Part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance..."

The Equal Rights Amendment 1972: Congress Passes Equal Rights Amendment 38 States must Ratify within seven years By 1978, 35 states had ratified. Congress extends deadline to 1982 Enter Phyllis Schlafly and the New Right

Legacy of the Women's Movement Class of 1965: 70% of female college graduates planned to stop working once they had children Class of 1970: only 7% of them planned to stop working once they had children In 1970, 8% of Med School grads, and 5% of Law School grads were women. In 1998 it was 42% & 44% By 1983 women held 13.5% of state elected offices In 2010 women hold 92 out of 435 Congressional seats But does the Glass Ceiling still exist?

Nixon: The New Federalism Nixon's top domestic goal was to decrease the size and role of the Federal Government Begin to dismantle much of the Great Society Made concessions to Congress on Social Security Medicare, and Medicaid. State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act: Revenue Sharing

Nixon: Law & Order Wiretapping of left wing and protestors FBI & CIA investigations of Americans who opposed him Clamping down on protestors and riots Use of IRS to harass Using VP Agnew as “attack dog”

Nixon: Southern Strategy Planning ahead to 1972 election, Nixon looks to take country on a more conservative track Plan to attract conservative Southern Democrats to the Republican party He saw how Wallace had won the South in 1968 Helped by Harry Shuler Dent of South Carolina Key Points Conservative Supreme Court Slow down integration Stop busing Oppose extension of Voting Rights Act

George McGovern Congressman & Senator from South Dakota Bomber Pilot in World War II Ran on ticket opposed to Vietnam War, supporting amnesty for those who had evaded the draft Called for 37% cut in Defense Spending

George McGovern: VP Problems McGovern picks Missouri Senator Thomas Eagleton News breaks that Eagleton had received electroshock therapy for depression At first McGovern says he backs Eagleton 1000% Then offers VP Slot to 5 prominent Democrats, all refuse Finally offers it to Sargent Shiver, Navy Veteran, driving force behind Peace Corps & Job Corps. He is also John F. Kennedy’s brother in law

1972 Presidential Election Richard Nixon vs George McGovern

1972 Presidential Election Popular Vote: Nixon 60.7% - McGovern 30.5%

Spiro Agnew Scandal Agnew had been Baltimore County Executive & Maryland Governor Summer of 1973 he is charged with accepting bribes while in office in Maryland Reaches plea agreement to be sentenced for tax evasion, but must resign as VP Nixon appoints House Minority leader Gerald Ford as new VP

Watergate Break In Planning ahead

Woodward & Bernstein Planning ahead

Following the Money Planning ahead

Dirty Tricks Planning ahead

Congressional Reaction Planning ahead

Nixon Resigns Planning ahead

New Slide Planning ahead