Update on USGBC LEED and Air Filtration NAFA 2008 Annual Convention San Francisco, CA September 19, 2008 by Francis (Bud) J. Offermann PE CIH Indoor Environmental Engineering San Francisco, CA (415)-567-7700 www.IEE-SF.com

Francis (Bud) J. Offermann PE CIH Licensed Professional Engineer - Mechanical Engineering Certified Industrial Hygienist - ABIH B.S. (1976) and M.S. (1985) in Mechanical Engineering Staff Scientist: IAQ Program, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Member of USBGC LEED EQ Technical Advisory Group Co-Chair ISIAQ HVAC Hygiene Task Force Member of ASHRAE Standard 62 Ventilation for Acceptable IAQ Member of the Cal-OSHA IAQ Advisory Committee Published 26 Peer-Reviewed Studies on Building Air Quality IAQ Diagnostics/Mitigation in over 2000 Buildings 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

Understanding IAQ Biophysical Model Stimuli Generation Rate The framework behind an investigative plan is the Biophysical Model • area • emission rate Indoor Concentration of Stimuli Occupant Exposure To Stimuli Occupant Sensitivity To Stimuli Occupant Reaction To Stimuli • ventilation • air filtration • surface deposition • reaction • time exposed • breathing rate • protection • expectation • predisposition • thermal • skin • eyes/nose •respiratory •CNS Stimuli Removal Rate 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

Indoor Air Concentrations of Stimuli Understanding IAQ Indoor Outdoor Underground Sources of Stimuli Indoor Air Concentrations of Stimuli Removal of Stimuli Ventilation Air Cleaning Reactivity Surface Deposition Occupant Respiration 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Credit Categories • Sustainable Sites • Water Efficiency • Energy & Atmosphere • Materials & Resources • Indoor Environmental Quality • Innovation & Design Process 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Prerequisites 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Prerequisites P1 - Minimum IAQ Performance 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Prerequisites P1 - Minimum IAQ Performance P2 - Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point) 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point) C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point) 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point) C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point) C3 - Construction IAQ Management (2 points) 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point) C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point) C3 - Construction IAQ Management (2 points) C4 - Low Emitting Material (4 points) 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point) C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point) C3 - Construction IAQ Management (2 points) C4 - Low Emitting Material (4 points) C5 - Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control (1 points) 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point) C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point) C3 - Construction IAQ Management (2 points) C4 - Low Emitting Material (4 points) C5 - Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control (1 points) C6 - Controllability of Systems (2 points) 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point) C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point) C3 - Construction IAQ Management (2 points) C4 - Low Emitting Material (4 points) C5 - Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control (1 points) C6 - Controllability of Systems (2 points) C7 - Thermal Comfort (2 points) 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point) C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point) C3 - Construction IAQ Management (2 points) C4 - Low Emitting Material (4 points) C5 - Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control (1 points) C6 - Controllability of Systems (2 points) C7 - Thermal Comfort (2 points) C8 - Daylight and Views (2 points) 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point) C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point) C3 - Construction IAQ Management (2 points) C4 - Low Emitting Material (4 points) C5 - Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control (1 points) C6 - Controllability of Systems (2 points) C7 - Thermal Comfort (2 points) C8 - Daylight and Views (2 points) Innovation & Design Process (1-5 points) 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 P1 - Minimum IAQ Performance 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 P1 - Minimum IAQ Performance • Meet the minimum requirements of ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Sections 4-7 requirements. 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 P1 - Minimum IAQ Performance • Meet the minimum requirements of ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Sections 4-7 requirements. • Mechanical ventilation systems shall be designed according to the Ventilation Rate Procedure NOT the IAQ Procedure. 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Sections 4-7 LEED requirements. 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Sections 4-7 LEED requirements. Section 4 - Outdoor Air Quality Requires outdoor air pollution assessment and documentation but NO mitigation (i.e. air cleaning) 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Sections 4-7 LEED requirements. Section 4 - Outdoor Air Quality Requires outdoor air pollution assessment and documentation but NO mitigation (i.e. air cleaning) Section 5 - Systems and Equipment Section 5.9, Particulate Matter Removal requires a minimum of MERV 6 filters upstream of cooling coils Section 5.17.2.1, Air Cleaning, allows air cleaning based upon subjective criteria “with the approval of the authority having jurisdiction” 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Sections 4-7 LEED requirements. Section 6 - Procedures Section 6.1.1 Ventilation Rate Procedure - a prescriptive based approach with no air filtration requirements or credits Section 6.1.2 IAQ Procedure - a performance based approach that allows credit for air cleaning devices Requires: - identification of “contaminants of concern” established exposure criteria by “cognizant authorities” for each “contaminants of concern” - validation by air contaminant monitoring and subjective occupant evaluations (e.g. build it and then see if it is OK) 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Sections 4-7 LEED requirements. Section 7 - Construction and Start-Up Section 7.1.4 Protection of Occupied Spaces requires measures to be put in place to reduce migration of construction generated contaminants to occupied area (e.g. isolation, air pressure controls, air filtration). 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 C3 - Construction IAQ Management 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 C3 - Construction IAQ Management C3.1 Construction IAQ Management - DURING Construction • Install MERV 8 air filters at each return air grille 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 C3 - Construction IAQ Management C3.2 Construction IAQ Management - BEFORE Occupancy • Flush-out building with outdoor air OR • Conduct air quality air testing prior to occupancy. Formaldehyde < 50 ppb PM10 Particulate Matter < 50 µg/m3 Total VOC’s < 500 µg/m3 4-PCH < 6.5 µg/m3 Carbon monoxide < 9 ppm and no more than 2 ppm above outdoors No air filtration requirements for this credit (but a good idea) 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 C5 - Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 C5 - Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control • Provide “regularly occupied areas” with MERV 13 air filters prior to occupancy. 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Innovation & Design Process 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Innovation & Design Process • Awarded for deign approaches that “substantially exceed a LEED performance credit”. 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Innovation & Design Process • Awarded for deign approaches that “substantially exceed a LEED performance credit. No air filtration/cleaning strategies approved to date. 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Innovation & Design Process • Awarded for deign approaches that “substantially exceed a LEED performance credit. No air filtration/cleaning strategies approved to date. Electrostatic and UV air purification approaches submitted to date have not been accepted. 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

FUTURE AIR FILTRATION HOT TOPICS 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

FUTURE AIR FILTRATION HOT TOPICS Ozone filtration. Ozone initiated indoor air chemistry creates formaldehyde and other potent irritants. Air filters needed to remove ozone for outdoor ventilation air. 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

FUTURE AIR FILTRATION HOT TOPICS Ozone filtration. Ozone initiated indoor air chemistry creates formaldehyde and other potent irritants. Air filters needed to remove ozone for outdoor ventilation air. Ozone emissions from air cleaners. New California regulations limit ozone emissions and require emissions testing. 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

FUTURE AIR FILTRATION HOT TOPICS Ozone filtration. Ozone initiated indoor air chemistry creates formaldehyde and other potent irritants. Air filters needed to remove ozone for outdoor ventilation air. Ozone emissions from air cleaners. New California regulations limit ozone emissions and require emissions testing. Control of ultra-fine particle emissions from copiers and printers, 30-100 nm particles of condensed cyclic siloxanes used to improve the flow of toners. 09/19/2008 IEE Copyright, 2008

Update on USGBC LEED and Air Filtration NAFA 2008 Annual Convention San Francisco, CA September 19, 2008 by Francis (Bud) J. Offermann PE CIH Indoor Environmental Engineering San Francisco, CA (415)-567-7700 www.IEE-SF.com