Energy in Nature is connected

The chemical formula for Photosynthesis Sunlight & Cellular Respiration

What do leaves use to get energy?

Where Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration Occur in Plants

LEAVES WHERE PHOTOSYNTHESIS TAKES PLACE Watch Animation section II

SUNLIGHT reacts CHLOROPLASTS (organelle) that are inside the leaves. Thylakoid (1) Granum stack of Thylakoids STROMA Gel-like substance surrounds Granum

What is light Animated Tutorial Section I Light comes in waves of energy from the sun particles of sunlight are called photons. Photons come in a variety of wavelengths Plants only use visible light for photosynthesis

THE COLOR WE SEE IS VISIBLE LIGHT LIGHT HAS MANY COLORS THE COLOR WE SEE IS VISIBLE LIGHT Daytime Near sunset

WHAT COLOR LIGHT DO PLANTS ABSORB TO MAKE GLUCOSE? RED, BLUE & VIOLET ARE BEST THEY REFLECT OTHER COLORS LIKE GREEN, YELLOW, ETC Virtual lab http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/photolab.swf

Plant pigments CHLOROPHYLL a IS THE PRIMARY ONE- green blue CHLOROPHYLL b IS ANOTHER ONE- green olive, yellowish Carotenoids are yellow, orange and red pigments

Key Concepts I: Plant Pigment Chromatography                                                                                                                                                  Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis                                        Introduction 4-I Chromatology Key Concepts I Design of the Experiment I Closer Look: Depositing the Pigment Pigment Separation Analysis of Results I Lab Quiz I 4-II Photosynthesis Key Concepts I: Plant Pigment Chromatography Paper chromatography is a technique used to separate a mixture into its component molecules. The molecules migrate, or move up the paper, at different rates because of differences in solubility, molecular mass, and hydrogen bonding with the paper. For a simple, beautiful example of this technique, draw a large circle in the center of a piece of filter paper with a black water-soluble, felt-tip pen. Fold the paper into a cone and place the tip in a container of water. In just a few minutes you will have tie-dyed filter paper!                                                                                               The green, blue, red, and lavender colors that came from the black ink should help you to understand that what appears to be a single color may in fact be a material composed of many different pigments —and such is the case with chloroplasts.Stud this figure; you will return to it later.                                                     

Photosynthesis Simplified 1. Water is split inside the chloroplasts by Sunlight H2O>H2 + O 2. The Hydrogen H2+ travels along the thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplasts. H2 with CO2 makes C6H12O6 3. Excess Hydrogen is used to make ATP (energy)

Light Reaction The making of ATP Animated Tutorial part III After Sunlight splits H2O, O2 released by stomata in leaves & goes into the atmosphere. H+ is moved along the thylakoid membrane AKA ETC-electron Transport Chain high energy H+ goes from stroma (cytoplasm of thylakoid) to the thylakoid membrane. there is more H+ on the membrane-concentration gradient is formed. So the pH is lower in the stroma, due to excess H+ ions. This pH difference the ATP Synthase Channel protein to open. It makes ATP ADP has a PO4 added to make ATP. ATP is used for the DARK REACTION of Photosynthesis

Light Reaction continued converting NADP to NADPH Step 1 -H2+ from water (H2O) is energized & gets carried by NADP, (electron transporter) along the Thylakoid membrane. (see diagram) NADPH transports the H+ ions to proteins in the thylakoid membrane. NADPH is used for the DARK REACTION

Light Reaction Happens inside of Thylakoid membrane

DARK REACTION (Calvin cycle) Animation part 4 The step that make GLUCOSE C6H12O6 OCCURS IN THE STROMA of the chloroplast No Sunlight required Reactant is CO2 & H+ from NADPH. Hmm, to make C6H12O6 all we need is the above elements right? Correct! The energy to make the glucose comes from ATP.

Recap of Photosynthesis Light Reaction & Calvin Cycle

Plant & Animal Cells need CHEMICAL ENERGY In the form of ATP ADENOSINE TRI PHOSPHATE

THIS IS CALLED PHOSPHORYLATION Where does the energy come from? How is it made? How can it be recycled? Animation To get energy –Remove a PO4 Group & ENERGY is Released. The molecule then becomes ______ Recycling ADD A PO4, YOU GET_________ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3y1dO4nNaKY THIS IS CALLED PHOSPHORYLATION Energy!