Austin Chambers November 25, 2008 Schistosomiasis Austin Chambers November 25, 2008

Geographical Distribution

Geographical Distribution Present in 74 countries Over 200 million people have been affected

Geographical Distribution S. mansoni is found in South America, Africa, and the Middle East Talk about the parasite itself Break down slides Remove some information

Geographical Distribution S. mansoni is found in South America, Africa, and the Middle East S. haematobium is found in Africa and the Middle East

Geographical Distribution S. mansoni is found in South America, Africa, and the Middle East S. haematobium is found in Africa and the Middle East S. japonicum is found in East Asia

Epidemiology S. mansoni causes intestinal schistosomiasis S. haematobium causes urinary schistosomiasis S. japonicum causes Asian intestinal schistosomiasis

Epidemiology Infections come from swimming in bodies of water inhabited by infected snails Also known as snail fever

Clinical Features Chronic schistosomiasis can have mild symptoms

Clinical Features Acute Schistosomiasis More serious symptoms Also known as Katayama’s Fever

Clinical Features Rare central nervous system lesions can occur

Clinical Features Spread of infection can harm vital organs Can lead to death

Laboratory Diagnosis Stool Exam Used for S. mansoni and S. japonicum

Laboratory Diagnosis Urine Exam Useful for S. japonicum and S. haematobium infections

Laboratory Diagnosis Alternate methods of diagnosis

Laboratory Diagnosis Alternate methods of diagnosis Rectal tissue biopsy

Laboratory Diagnosis Alternate methods of diagnosis Rectal tissue biopsy Antibody detection

Treatment Drug Treatments

Treatment Drug Treatments Single oral dose of praziquantel taken annually with castor oil

Treatment Drug Treatments Antimony kills the parasite by bonding to an enzyme

Treatment WHO treatment guidelines

Treatment WHO treatment guidelines >50% of children infected, everyone receives treatment

Treatment WHO treatment guidelines >50% of children infected, everyone receives treatment 20%<<50% of children infected, school-age children receive treatment

Treatment WHO treatment guidelines >50% of children infected, everyone receives treatment 20%<<50% of children infected, school-age children receive treatment <20% of children infected, no mass treatment

Treatment Researchers are searching for a vaccine that would interrupt the life cycle

Prevention and Hygiene Avoiding Snails

Prevention and Hygiene Avoiding Snails Acrolein, copper sulfate, and niclosamide can kill snail populations

Prevention and Hygiene Through design

Prevention and Hygiene Through design Modern dams have eliminated the chance for snails to inhabit the water source

Sources http://www1.imperial.ac.uk/resources/1D284649-6FCD-4C72-B991-DBE9A991F202/ http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2006/Schistosomiasis/schistomap.gif http://users.aber.ac.uk/jvh/Web/biomphalaria%20elliptical.jpg http://www.universityscience.ie/imgs/scientists/shistosomiasis.gif http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Schistosomiasis_Life_Cycle.jpeg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Schistosomiasis_itch.jpeg http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-06/14/xin_2306011411306741408522.jpg http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/anp/v62n2b/a32fig01.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Schistosoma_japonicum_(3)_histopathology.JPG http://aapredbook.aappublications.org/week/118_01.jpg http://www.rapunzelsdelight.com/images/parasites/Schistosomiasis_liverW.jpg http://www.malacsoc.org.uk/The_Malacologist/BULL45/images/stot2.jpg http://www.mythnlynx.com/images/antimony1.jpg http://www.radiobridge.net/www/work/shis04.jpg http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ad002e/AD002E01.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Acrolein-2D.png http://www.essenagrochem.com/img/Niclosamide-olamine-30--SC-1420-04-8-big.jpg http://www.cartercenter.org/images/schistohome1.jpg http://www.iczn.org/Images/Schistosomiasis.jpg http://pvri.info/files/Butrous%20Fig%20-2.jpg