Austin Chambers November 25, 2008 Schistosomiasis Austin Chambers November 25, 2008
Geographical Distribution
Geographical Distribution Present in 74 countries Over 200 million people have been affected
Geographical Distribution S. mansoni is found in South America, Africa, and the Middle East Talk about the parasite itself Break down slides Remove some information
Geographical Distribution S. mansoni is found in South America, Africa, and the Middle East S. haematobium is found in Africa and the Middle East
Geographical Distribution S. mansoni is found in South America, Africa, and the Middle East S. haematobium is found in Africa and the Middle East S. japonicum is found in East Asia
Epidemiology S. mansoni causes intestinal schistosomiasis S. haematobium causes urinary schistosomiasis S. japonicum causes Asian intestinal schistosomiasis
Epidemiology Infections come from swimming in bodies of water inhabited by infected snails Also known as snail fever
Clinical Features Chronic schistosomiasis can have mild symptoms
Clinical Features Acute Schistosomiasis More serious symptoms Also known as Katayama’s Fever
Clinical Features Rare central nervous system lesions can occur
Clinical Features Spread of infection can harm vital organs Can lead to death
Laboratory Diagnosis Stool Exam Used for S. mansoni and S. japonicum
Laboratory Diagnosis Urine Exam Useful for S. japonicum and S. haematobium infections
Laboratory Diagnosis Alternate methods of diagnosis
Laboratory Diagnosis Alternate methods of diagnosis Rectal tissue biopsy
Laboratory Diagnosis Alternate methods of diagnosis Rectal tissue biopsy Antibody detection
Treatment Drug Treatments
Treatment Drug Treatments Single oral dose of praziquantel taken annually with castor oil
Treatment Drug Treatments Antimony kills the parasite by bonding to an enzyme
Treatment WHO treatment guidelines
Treatment WHO treatment guidelines >50% of children infected, everyone receives treatment
Treatment WHO treatment guidelines >50% of children infected, everyone receives treatment 20%<<50% of children infected, school-age children receive treatment
Treatment WHO treatment guidelines >50% of children infected, everyone receives treatment 20%<<50% of children infected, school-age children receive treatment <20% of children infected, no mass treatment
Treatment Researchers are searching for a vaccine that would interrupt the life cycle
Prevention and Hygiene Avoiding Snails
Prevention and Hygiene Avoiding Snails Acrolein, copper sulfate, and niclosamide can kill snail populations
Prevention and Hygiene Through design
Prevention and Hygiene Through design Modern dams have eliminated the chance for snails to inhabit the water source
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