Cultural nationalism 1

What is cultural nationalism? Historical and cultural distinctiveness Originality and diversity Cultural criteria for membership The character of the nation is determined by its unique culture, not by the state Common traditions hold it together Nations are unique organisms 2

The idea of organism Nations are living organisms Societies need to develop spontaneously from their own cultural environment National character – the basis of social organisations The individual cannot live outside of society 3

The idea of cultural diversity Human nature is different in different parts of the world Cultures are incomparable Ages are incomparable All understanding is historical Reaction against assimilation All cultures are equally valuable 4

The aim of cultural nationalism Transform society in order to realise the nation. Regenerate the true character of the nation to be manifested in the culture. To unite different aspects of the national culture. Traditional – modern Rural – urban Reason – faith 5

The articulators of the nation Historians, artists, writers The nation is unarticulated The national character is understood through intuition There is a need for interpreters Not the politicians, agitators, legislators, representatives The nation needs to be created through interpretation. 6

Expressions of the nation Language Literature Art Music Dance History Religion Landscape 7

Architecture and nation 8

Landscape and nation 9

Landscape and nation 10

Religion, landscape and nation 11

Religion and nation 12

Literature and nation National heroes: The Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz 13

Music and nation National heroes: Chopin 14

History and nation National heroes: Peter I 15

Religion and nation 16

Territory and nation Kosovo Polje as national symbol. The Monument 17

Language and nation 18

National food 19

The people and the nation The lace maker 20

Popular customs Midsommardans, Anders Zorn, 1897 21

Folklore Russian folklore 22

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The Kohn dichotomy Political nationalism Rational Democratic Liberal Progressive Western Cultural nationalism Utopian Authoritarian Conservative Regressive Eastern 24

Consequences of dichotomy Western nationalism good; Eastern nationalism bad Image of the West as the bearer of civilization and democracy Image of ”the East” as different, backwards and dangerous Upholds view of the West as a norm This view justifies Western nationalism, cleansing it from cultural elements. In fact, this nationalism might always be based on ideas of a distinctive cultural identity. Even though this identity is more or less easy to take part of, more or less welcoming. 25

The impact of cultural nationalism on the formation of modern society Creates cultural awareness Forms national consciousness Inspires political action 26