Grammar Notes A verbal is a form of a verb that acts like a noun or adjective A participle is a verbal that acts like an adjective Examples: The yelling student got in trouble. The stalled car blocked traffic.

Grammar Notes Vocabulary words: Contrived Tableaux Nebulous Disarming Urbane Strident Specious Plausible Inexorably

Grammar Notes A participle is a verbal that acts like an adjective A participial phrase is the participle plus modifiers and complements (phrases) Examples: Yelling at the teacher, he got in trouble. Angered by the test, she quit coming to school.

Grammar Notes An absolute phrase is a participle describing a noun/pronoun that doesn’t connect to another word in the sentence Ex: The teacher having arrived late, the students rearranged the desks. The cafeteria serving eggplant, I ate my own lunch.

Literature Notes 1984 Life of George Orwell: Eric Blair adopted the pen name George Orwell to show his love of English tradition and the English countryside George – the patron saint of England Orwell – a river in Suffolk (one of Orwell’s favorite places)

Literature Notes 1984 After finishing his studies, he joined the Indian Imperial Police in Burma He resigned and returned to England in 1928 because he had grown to hate imperialism He lived for several years in poverty, sometimes homeless Fought and was wounded in Spanish Civil War Died at age 46 from tuberculosis

Literature Notes 1984 Orwell disliked communism and socialism because he feared that they would result in totalitarianism 1984 is Orwell’s prediction of what could happen if the ideas of socialism spread and continued to develop Socialism did not spread as Orwell feared; however, many of Orwell’s predictions have come true, especially in the United States

Literature Notes 1984 In 1946 when George Orwell began to imagine a future world, he had just witnessed the defeat of two dictators – Adolf Hitler in Germany and Benito Mussolini in Italy He had also witnessed the success of two other dictators – Francisco Franco in Spain and Josef Stalin in the former Soviet Union Totalitarianism- State regulation of almost every aspect of public and private behavior In socialism, property and the distribution of wealth are controlled by the community – either directly or through government control on behalf of the people

Literature Notes 1984 Setting of the novel: 1984 of London in an alternate Britain, now called “Airstrip One” in the super- state Oceania, which is controlled by Big Brother and the Party The official language is “Newspeak” (Oldspeak is our version of English) The party rules through Ministries

Literature Notes 1984 Characters: Winston Smith- the protagonist, a member of the Party who works at the Ministry of Truth Looks: 39, worn out and thin (page 2) Actions: Dislikes Big Brother Speech: revealed in his diary (p. 8 and 9) Thoughts: fear Effect on others: has something in common with O’Brien and the dark-haired girl

Literature Notes 1984 Characters: O’Brien- a member of the Inner Party who works at the Ministry of Truth Emmanuel Goldstein- leader of the anti-Big Brother group called the Brotherhood, modeled after Leon Trotsky Big Brother- the ruler of Oceania

Writing Notes Classwork Orwell uses all the senses to really make the reader imagine what it is like to live in this society. Find three images from what we read today and write them down in your notes! Show them to me before you leave!

Literature Notes 1984 Literary Devices in 1984: Irony – a contrast between appearance and reality In 1984, reality is often the opposite of what the party says it is Big Brother is a tyrant Ministry of Truth produces lies Ministry of Peace is in charge of war Ministry of Love punishes people Ministry of Plenty rations food

Literature Notes 1984 Literary Devices in 1984: Setting (time and place) and Mood (effect on the reader’s emotions) 1984 gives us full detailed descriptions of place Orwell uses all the senses to really make the reader imagine what it is like to live in this society smells of houses – cabbage and bad lavatories Taste of Victory Gin and thin, sour stew Vision of Mrs. Parsons with “dust in the creases of her face” Sounds of the telescreen

Literature Notes 1984 Literary Devices in 1984: Symbolism (a symbol is a person, place or thing that has a concrete meaning itself and also stands for something beyond itself) Symbols in 1984 so far: Winston’s Diary Victory Gin Newspeak

Literature Notes 1984 Character Groups in 1984: Oceania is a huge country ruled by The Party, which is led by a figure called “Big Brother” The Inner Party (1% of pop.) control the country The Outer Party (18% of pop.) are controlled by the Inner Party The Proles (81% of pop.) are the labor power who live in poverty The Brotherhood is an underground rebellion organization lead by Emmanuel Goldstein

Literature Notes 1984 Nations in 1984:

Literature Notes 1984 Ministries in the novel: Ministry of Truth (Minitrue) – concerns itself with news, entertainment, education, and fine arts- recreating the past/falsifying records. Ministry of Peace (Minipax) – concerns itself with war – always at war with either Eurasia or Eastasia. Ministry of Plenty (Miniplenty) – responsible for economic affairs – distribution of food, rationing, etc.. Ministry of Love (Miniluv) – maintained law and order through torture, brainwashing and manipulation.

Literature Notes 1984 Examples of Irony in the novel: Slogans of the Party: "War is Peace“ "Freedom is Slavery“ "Ignorance is Strength" Doublethink- the manipulation of the mind by making people able to accept contradictions

Literature Notes 1984 Examples of Irony in the novel: “The Ministry of Truth” (where Winston works) changes history, facts, and memories to promote Doublethink Winston’s belief he has committed “Thoughtcrime” (page 19)

Writing Notes Classwork Let’s watch the Apple 1984 commercial: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax SnW-ygU5g - What do you think about this commercial’s ending line?