Kidney Function I Anatomy Kidney Function II Kidney Disorders Potpourri 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500

What are the three functions of the Kidney?

Remove Wastes 2. Maintain Water Balance 3. Maintain Ion / pH Balance

Name three components of blood that do not make it past the glomerular filter.

RBC’s, WBC’s, platelets, large proteins

In osmosis, water moves from an area of ______ concentration to an area of _____ concentration.

Water moves from high concentration to low concentration

Where in the nephron is glucose reabsorbed into the bloodstream?

Glucose is actively transported back into the blood in the proximal tubule

Why do our bodies need to “deaminate” amino acids?

Removal of the amino group occurs so that proteins can be converted into carbohydrates for storage

What is the outer part of the kidney called?

Renal Cortex

At approx. what volume does urine storage become painful?

Approx. 400 mL

What specific semi-permeable structure acts as a high pressure filter?

The Glomerulus is a high pressure filter

These structures carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Where in the nephron does the majority of water reabsorption occur?

The descending limb of the loop of Henle is the site of most water reabsorption

Where does the majority of ACTIVE reabsorption and secretion occur in the nephron?

The majority of ACTIVE reabsorption and secretion occurs in the proximal and distal tubules

During osmosis, water moves from an area of _____ solute concentration (hypotonic) to an area of _____ solute concentration (hypertonic).

Water will move from a hypotonic solution (low solute) to hypertonic (high solute)

Name three wastes products removed by the Kidney

Ammonia - Urea - Uric Acid - H+

Name three substances that are actively reabsorbed back into the bloodstream

Na+, Glucose, Amino Acids, Vitamins, other nutrients are all actively transported back into the bloodstream

What area of the nephron has the highest mitocondria concentration and why?

Proximal and distal tubules have lots of mitochondria due to the amount of active transport that takes place

The word “diabetes” comes from a latin word meaning…

… increased urine output

Why does somebody with diabetes mellitus have increased urine output?

Diabetes mellitus = higher blood glucose thus glucose “spills over” into urine drawing water with it.

What is hemodialysis?

“artificial kidney” - blood is pumped through a dialysis machine that removes wastes from the blood for somebody with a damaged kidney

What is Diabetes Insipidus?

Diabetes insipidus is a malfunction of ADH causing decreased water reabsorption

When & why would somebody undergo peritoneal dialysis and why?

When their kidney / kidney’s are not functioning but and require / request more flexibility

How many people have won the $1 million “Deal or No Deal” prize?

0 - Nobody has picked the right case yet.

Explain the effect of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

ADH increases water reabsorption

What size cube has a the largest surface area to volume ratio: 1cm, 10cm, or 1m

The 1cm cube has the largest surface area to volume ratio - an important concept in Biology

What type of food and/or drink is allowed in the classrooms at MCHS?

WATER ONLY! (and sometimes doughnuts if there is enough for the whole class)

How is aldosterone different than ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?

Aldosterone and ADH increase water reaborption, but aldosterone does so indirectly through the reabsorption of Na+ (sodium)