Forest Management in Korea March 2009 Park Chong-ho Director International Cooperation Division

Contents Progress in Forests Forest Status Key Forest Policies

Progress in Forests

Background of Forest Degradation Growing stock : 600-700 million ㎥ Stock volume/ha : over 100㎥ End of Chosun Dynasty Active forest rehabilitation took place after the 1960s Forest exploitation Wood fuel collection & field burning for cultivation Japanese Colonization Korean War & social chaos Illegal logging & field burning Insufficient budget for rehabilitation Before 1960s

Degraded Forests 1950s Seongbuk-dong, Seoul

Degraded Forests 1950s Gupabal, Seoul

Forest Rehabilitation Forest Resource Development 2nd Rehabilitation Harmonizing forest income development & public benefit functions 1st Rehabilitation Establishment of commercial forest area Plantation of 1 million ha, Public tree planting campaign

World Renowned Forest Rehabilitation Efforts S. Korea is a reforestation model for the World. We can reforest the earth! by「Plan B 3.0」(’08) The Republic of Korea embarked on a four-fold programme in 1973… The programme succeeded beyond expectations. by「FAO Unasylva」(’81) Lester Brown, renowned environmental analyst 8

Factors of Successful Rehabilitation Forestry factor Establishment of foundation for forest rehabilitation such as enactment of Forest Law(1961), establishment of Forest Administration(1967), etc. Sustainable establishment and implementation of forest rehabilitation plans Non-forestry factor Public participation and strong will power of the leaders Wide use of coal led by economic growth

Extent of Forest Planted Accomplishments 4,217,520ha planted 11 billion trees 1,829,577 ha private (85%) public (15%) Plantations Timber forest (47%) Fast growing (22%) Fuel wood (20%)

Annual Forestation No. of trees Area planted Year 1st 2nd 3rd 4th (1,000ha) (1 million trees) Area planted No. of trees Year 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

Change in Growing Stock Year Stock volume per ha 16㎥ 97.83㎥

Forest Rehabilitation with Public Participation

Before & After Rehabilitation Erosion control project site in Cheongha, Yeong-il, North Gyeongsang prov.(1984)

Forest Status

Organizational Chart of KFS Minister Audit and Inspection Administrative Services Press Secretary Bureau of Coordination and Plantation Bureau of Forest Resources Bureau of Forest Use Bureau of Forest Protection Planning and finance Creative &Innovative Practices Regulatory Reform & Legislative Affairs Information & Statistics Forest Policy Resources Development Forest Employment Forest Management Services International Cooperation Forest Land Policy Forest Land Consulting National Forest Management Recreation Forest & Outdoor Activities Forest Products & Income Forest Environment Conservation Urban Forest & Landscape Forest Fire Control Forest Engineering & Rehabilitation Forest Disease & Pest 4 Bureaus 21 divisions 1Team

Agencies Under KFS Korea Forest Service Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) National Natural Recreation Forest Office National Arboretum Forest Human Resources Development Institute 4 Departments 4 Research Centers Forest Aviation Headquarters Regional Forest Service Korea Forest Seed and Variety Center 7 Aviation Stations 5 Regional Forest Service 27 National Forest Station

Stock volume per ha(m3/ha) Forest Cover 6.4 million ha of forests cover 64% of the land 70% of the forests are privately owned National Private Public Stock volume per ha(m3/ha)

Age Class Distribution 61% of the forests are aged less than 30 years Generally in the stage where extensive management is necessary (Unit: 1,000 ha) V and older I II IV III

Forest Type Distribution Coniferous forests make up a large proportion Pine and oak species (Mongolian oak, acorn, etc.) are dominant Oak species (58%) Others (42%) (29%) (26%) (42%) (3%) Others Coniferous Broadleaved Mixed Pine(50%) Larch(20%) Pitch pine(15%) Korean pine(10%) Others(5%)

Forest Land Management Forests are classified into conservation and semi-conservation forest land Conservation forests are strictly restricted from land use change Semi-conservation forests are provided for development for forestry (3,548,000 ha) Conservation (4,977,000 ha) Semi-conservation (1,475,000 ha) for public service (1,429,000 ha) Total (6,452,000 ha) Forest Land Use

Value of Forests Forest Products Public Benefits Recreation Land 3,000 billion won annually Public Benefits 58,000 billion won annually Recreation 4 million visitors to recreation forests Land 64% of total land Job Opportunities Forest experts, public workers, etc

Agricultural material (2%) Forest Products Net growing stock (32.2%) USD 1,345 M Timber (4%) Fruit &nuts (13%) Agricultural material (2%) Mushroom (8%) Reforestation(2%) Wild vegetable (6%) Landscape materials (22.0%) USD 777.5 M Bamboo and others (5%) Total Production USD 3,558 M 2007 statistics

Timber Supply and Demand

Key Forest Policies

Transition in Forest Policies Creation of fuel forests Erosion control projects, restoration of burned field Forest restoration stage Forest revegetation stage Completion of Beginning of forest management Resource development stage Expansion of plantation species Creation of commercial forests Initial stage of sustainable management Introduction of ecological forestation Intensive forest

Fifth National Forest Plan (NFP-5), 2008~2017 Vision: Sustainable Green Welfare Nation - leading nation in forest management - High value resources OPTIMUM FOREST FUNCTIONS Healthy land Pleasant green environment

Strategies and Action Plan Integrated management and development of multi-functional forest resources 5 STRATEGIES Promotion of renewable forest industry and competitiveness Conservation and management of forest as national terrestrial resource Development of greenspace and services fore quality life Reinforcement of international cooperation for resources development and global forest conservation

Developing valuable resources Integrated management and development of Multi-functional forest resources Forestry infrastructure Sustainable Resources development SFM implementation Offset public benefits Developing valuable resources Before NFP-5 Post NFP-5 Growing stock/ ha 82㎥ Forest tending 4th Plan- 0.75M ha Forest road 2.5m/ha Forest certification 71,000ha Growing stock/ha - 120㎥ 5th Plan 2.34M ha 3.2m/ha - 300,000ha

Promotion of renewable forest industry and competitiveness Environmentally sound timber industry Addressing Climate change Regional industrial cluster Competitive private forests National economy based on renewable resources New driving factors Before NFP-5 Post NFP-5 Extent of forest tending output used 10% Co2 sink 8 M ton Timber self sufficiency Non-timber forest products - USD 1.9 B Patent - (~2006) 87 cases Forest professionals 2,200 persons - 50% 24 M ton 17% - USD 3 B - (~2017) 220 cases - 3,500 persons

Conservation and management of forest as National terrestrial resource Balanced forest land management Bio- diversity Forest landscape Scientific disaster prevention Healthy and safe National land core of Korean ecosystem Before NFP-5 Post NFP-5 Change in forest area 5,000 ha decrease in 5 years Percent of protected areas - 12% Biological genetic resources – 110 thousand units Coastal protection forest - (until 2007)20ha Community forest - (by 2017) 0 ha decrease 15% 550 thousand unit - (until 2017) 289ha - 298ha

Development of greenspace and service for Quality life Urban forest Before NFP-5 Post NFP-5 Urban forest 6.6㎡/ person Mountain village (until 2006) 118 villages Visitors to recreational forest – 5.78 million people Percent of national forest - 23% Therapy forest, tree burial Job opportunities 17 thousand persons - 10㎡/person 450 sites 15 million people - 28% - 18 sites, 15 sites 30 thousand persons Forest Service Public service of national forests Pleasant livelihood Social aspects of forest Mountain villages and rural area development

Global environmental conservation & preparation for unification International Cooperation for resources development and global forest conservation Combating desertification, international cooperation Resources cooperation, overseas plantation Global environmental conservation & preparation for unification Forest rehabilitation in N.Korea Before NFP-5 Post NFP-5 Overseas plantation (until 2006) 128 thousand ha Combating desertification International conferences - industrial 200 thousand ha, CDM plantation 50 thousand ha Combating desertification (Mongolia) 3 thousand ha IUFRO, WFC, etc.

10 Priority Projects Forest job opportunities(100 thousand jobs) 2 Carbon sink forest(bio-reusable forest-10,00 ha, CDM plantation-5) 3 Payment for Environmental Services(PES) in forestry 4 Hiking information centers 100 best mountains 10 Priority Projects 5 Recreational forest, therapy forest development 6 Community forest in both urban and rural area 7 Web-based integrated forest GIS system 8 Special management of biodiversity at forest wetland and valleys 9 Coastal greenbelt development 10 Regional forest industry cluster

10 New Policy Systems Post-2012 actions for climate change issues Forest Sustainability factor/indicator 3 Management indicators for urban forests (gross greenspace system, sustainability factor for urban forests) 4 Forest land use change propriety assessment 10 New Policy Systems 5 Management of forest cultural assets 6 Identifying type and difficulty level of hike trails nationwide 7 Management of protected forests & international standards 8 National forest certification system 9 Action plans on UPOV 10 New legislations for urban forest, mountain villages ♠ UPOV: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants

Forests and Forestry in 2017 Value of forests - USD 70 billion → USD 200 billion Growing Stock - 82㎥/ha → 120㎥/ha Change in forest area - 7,000 ha decrease → 0ha Percent of protected areas - 11% → 15% Sustainable Welfare Nation 학습동아리 활성화 National Resources National Land Urban forest - 6.5㎡/person → 10㎡/person Recreational forest users - 1 B people/yr→1.7 B people/yr. 발굴된 민원은 그 유형에 따라 해소방안을 차별화하겠습니다. 부도임대아파트와 같은 반복민원은 본부별 TF를 구성하여 실태조사와 이해관계자의 의견을 충분히 수렴한 후 대책을 마련하고 공공사업에 따른 갈등민원은 10월 중순에 구축된 갈등관리시스템을 적용하겠습니다. 개인간 분쟁민원은 분쟁조정위원회를 통해 이해관계를 중재토록 하고 여러 부서가 관련된 복합민원은 부내에 운영중인 조정기구를 적극 활용하고자 합니다. 이러한 대응방안과 민원의 코드화를 담은 민원제도개선 종합매뉴얼을 내년 상반기까지 마련하여 처리절차를 표준화 하겠습니다. Livelihood

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