Microstructural Change and Cognitive Alteration in Maxillofacial Trauma and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study Vigneswaran.

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Microstructural Change and Cognitive Alteration in Maxillofacial Trauma and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study Vigneswaran Veeramuthu, MEdPsych, Firdaus Hariri, BDS, MBBS, MDS (OMFS), Vairavan Narayanan, MD, MSurg, Li Kuo Tan, MEng (Biomedical), Norlisah Ramli, MBBS, MRad, Dharmendra Ganesan, MBBS, MSurg Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Volume 74, Issue 6, Pages 1197.e1-1197.e10 (June 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.01.042 Copyright © 2016 The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2016 74, 1197.e1-1197.e10DOI: (10.1016/j.joms.2016.01.042) Copyright © 2016 The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Complete flowchart of the study protocols, patient recruitment, neuroimaging studies, and neuropsychological assessments. CT, computed tomography; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MTBI, mild traumatic brain injury; MWL, maxillofacial injury with an intracranial lesion; MWOL, maxillofacial injury without an intracranial lesion; TBI, traumatic brain injury. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2016 74, 1197.e1-1197.e10DOI: (10.1016/j.joms.2016.01.042) Copyright © 2016 The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Seven regions of interest in white matter pathways analyzed in the present study (projection fibers and association fibers). Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2016 74, 1197.e1-1197.e10DOI: (10.1016/j.joms.2016.01.042) Copyright © 2016 The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 A-D, Estimated marginal means of patients with mild traumatic brain injury with maxillofacial injury and their domain specific neuropsychological test standard scores categorized according to their computed tomography (CT) findings (presence vs absence of intracranial lesions). Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2016 74, 1197.e1-1197.e10DOI: (10.1016/j.joms.2016.01.042) Copyright © 2016 The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 A-D, Estimated marginal means of fractional anisotropy (FA) value for specific cerebral white matter tracts in patients with mild traumatic brain injury with maxillofacial injury categorized according to computed tomography (CT) findings (presence vs absence of intracranial lesions). ALIC, anterior limb of internal capsule; PLIC, posterior limb of internal capsule. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2016 74, 1197.e1-1197.e10DOI: (10.1016/j.joms.2016.01.042) Copyright © 2016 The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Terms and Conditions