Perspectives on Socialization Explain why socialization is needed if cultural and societal values are to be learned Analyze how people use others to learn about themselves

Functionalist Perspective Groups work together to create society Teach kids basics Norms Beliefs Values

Conflict Perspective People accept social status w/o challenging position Maintains: advantage for rich Social Political Economic

Symbolic Interactionism: Cooley & Mead challenge belief human nature is biologically determined 5 Concepts The Self-concept Looking-glass self Significant others Role taking The generalized other

Self-Concept: Cooley Image of yourself separate from others Kids see how others react Act bad for attention

Looking-glass self: Cooley Image of yourself based on what others think Use others as mirror 3 stage process Imagine how we appear to others Imagine reaction of others to our appearance Evaluate ourselves on how others might judge

Significant others: Mead People who’s judgments are most important Youth Leaders Parents Teachers Siblings Peer Groups

Role Taking: Mead See ourselves through eyes of others Internal conversations: thoughts and emotions 3 Stages Imitation: 1-2 years old; imitates w/o understanding Play: 3-4 years old; take on roles of others (parents) Game: several roles simultaneously Anticipate reaction of others based on social rules

The Generalized Other: Mead Pleasing significant other; understanding principle Integrated conception of norms, values and beliefs of society or community The Self ME vs. I; me conforms to society/ I is true self I comes out during times of emotion, spontaneously

Process of Socialization Family School Peer Group Mass Media

Family Think & Speak Internalize norms, beliefs & values Form basic attitudes Develop intimate relationships Acquire self image

School Impersonal Relationships Rewards & Punishments- performance Hidden Curriculum Discipline, conformity, order

Peer Group Based on age and interests Conflict, competition, cooperation Parents or Friends?

Mass Media TV, Radio, Newspaper, Internet Role Models- imitate 16 year old- 20,000 homicides

Critical Thinking Question Is TV a force used to maintain the status quo or toward change? Can the media keep racism alive or continue problems in society w/o need? Analyze the use of mass media and describe the affects both good and bad.

Process of Socialization Desocialization & Resocialization

Symobolic Interactionism After childhood: Desocialization Resocialization Anticipatory Socialization Reference Groups

Desocialization & Resocialization Total Institutions Separates from rest of society Desocialization Give up old norms, values, attitudes Remove self-concept Resocialization New norms, values, attitudes New self-concept

Anticipatory Socialization Voluntary process of accepting new norms, values, attitudes Move from one stage to another in life Reference Groups