Seminar on G.H. RAISONI ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Department of Mechanical Engg. Seminar on Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle Presented by Nishant Sharma (3ME228) Year 2nd Guided By: Rajendra Bansod Sir

Content Introduction Objectives Literature Review Methodology Design and Fabrication Conclusion Future Scope

Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle Introduction Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle is a ingenious vehicle which uses Cryogenic fluid (liquid nitrogen) as a working fluid. Propulsion system is a cryogenic heat engine in which a cryogenic substance is used as a heat sink. Liquid nitrogen is generated by cryogenic or reversed Stirling engine coolers that liquefy the main component of air, nitrogen (N2). The cooler can be powered by electricity or through direct mechanical work from hydro or wind turbines. Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle

Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle Objectives High cost and limited availability of fossil fuels like petrol and diesel. Due to high level of pollution associated with the combustion of fossil fuels the need of ZEV(Zero Emission Vehicle) has been generated. (Presently the battery powered electric vehicle is the only commercially available ZEV but not successful due to high initial cost, slow recharge and limited range). And the most important is the huge availability of Nitrogen gas (78% of air is nitrogen). Note: According to Petroleum Conservation and Research Association petroleum production will be at its peak in 2012 and is likely to decrease after that. Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle

Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle Literature Review Cryogenic heat engine uses very cold substances to produce useful energy. There is always some heat input to the working fluid during the expansion process. Liquid Nitrogen is the cheapest, widely produced and most common cryogen. It is mass produced in air liquefaction plants. The liquefaction process is very simple. Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle

Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle Methodology Normal, atmospheric air is passed through dust precipitator and pre-cooled It is then compressed inside large turbo pumps to about 100 atmospheres(10.13 MPa). Once the air has been cooled to room temperature it is allowed to expand rapidly through a nozzle into an insulated chamber. By running several cycles the temperature of the chamber becomes low enough. The air entering it starts to liquefy. Liquid nitrogen is removed from the chamber by fractional distillation and is stored inside well-insulated Dewar flasks. Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle

Design and Fabrication A pressurized tank(24 gallon) to store liquid nitrogen. Pressurant bottles of N2 gas substitute for a pump. The gas pushes the liquid nitrogen out of the Dewar that serves as a fuel tank. A primary heat exchanger that heats (using atmospheric heat) LN2 to form N2 gas, then heats gas under pressure to near atmospheric temperature. An Expander to provide work to the drive shaft of the vehicle. An economizer or a secondary heat exchanger, which preheats the liquid N2 coming out from the pressurized tank taking heat from the exhaust. Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle

Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle Conclusion In a real sense, the more such vehicles are used, the cleaner the air will become. In addition to the environmental impact of these vehicles, refueling using current technology can take only a few minutes, which is very similar to current gas refueling times. Extra research work is needed to utilize the most of the available energy. Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle

Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle Future Scope The big difference is that a liquid-nitrogen car is likely to be considerably cheaper to build than an electric vehicle. For another, because it needs no bulky traction batteries, it would be lighter and cheaper still than an electric vehicle. Safety and research fund will require to finally run this vehicle on road. Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle

Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle References Balmer, Robert T. "14.15 Reversed Stirling Cycle Refrigeration". Modern Engineering Thermodynamics. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-374996-3 C. Knowlen, A.T. Mattick, A.P. Bruckner and A. Hertzberg, "High Efficiency Conversion Systems for Liquid Nitrogen Automobiles", Society of Automotive Engineers Inc, 1988. J. Franz, C. A. Ordonez, A. Carlos, Cryogenic Heat Engines Made Using Electrocaloric Capacitors, American Physical Society, Texas Section Fall Meeting, October 4–6, 2001 Fort Worth, Texas Meeting ID: TSF01, abstract #EC.009, 10/2001. Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle

Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle Thank You Presented by Nishant Sharma (3ME228) Liquid Nitrogen Vehicle