SUBMITTED BY EDGEFX TEAM ARDUINO BASED HIGH SENSITIVE LDR BASED POWER SAVER FOR STREET LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SUBMITTED BY EDGEFX TEAM

ABSTRACT High Intensity Discharge lamps (HID) used for urban street light are based on principle of gas discharge White Light Emitting Diode (LED) can replace the HID lamps where intensity control is possible by pulse width modulation

BLOCK DIAGRAM

HARD WARE EQUIPMENTS POWER SUPPLY BLOCK ARDUINO LED PWM LDR(LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR) MOSFET BC547 1N4007 RESISTORS & CAPACITORS

ARDUINO The Arduino microcontroller is an easy to use yet powerful single board computer that has gained considerable traction in the hobby and professional market. The Arduino is open-source, which means hardware is reasonably priced and development software is free.

Image of development board

Features of Duemalinove The Duemalinove board features an Atmel ATmega328 microcontroller operating at 5 V with 2 Kb of RAM, 32 Kb of flash memory for storing programs and 1 Kb of EEPROM for storing parameters. The clock speed is 16 MHz, which translates to about executing about 300,000 lines of C source code per second

…..contd The Arduino programming language is a simplified version of C/C++. If you know C, programming the Arduino will be familiar. If you do not know C, no need to worry as only a few commands are needed to perform useful functions.

LDR(Light Dependent Resistor) A photoresistor or light dependent resistor (LDR) is a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity. It can also be referred to as photoconductor. If light falling on the device, the photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electron (and its hole partner) conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance.

A photoelectric device can be either intrinsic or extrinsic A photoelectric device can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. An intrinsic semiconductor has its own charge carriers and is not an efficient semiconductor, e.g. silicon. Extrinsic devices have impurities, also called dopants, added whose ground state energy is closer to the conduction band; since the electrons do not have as far to jump, lower energy photons (i.e., longer wavelengths and lower frequencies) are sufficient to trigger the device. Example of extrinsic devices is phosphorous atoms

PWM The PWM switching frequency has to be much faster than what would affect the load, which is to say the device that uses the power. The term duty cycle describes the proportion of on time to the regular interval or period of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.

PWM APPLICATIONS Telecommunications Power delivery Voltage regulation Audio effects and amplification.

MOSFET Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET) MOSFET is a device used for amplifying or switching electronic Signals

MOSFET as a switch & P- Type , N-Type MOSFET

BC547 The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor. The BC547 transistor is a general-purpose transistor in small plastic packages. It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100 mA NPN general-purpose transistors. Whenever base is high, then current starts flowing through base and emitter and after that only current will pass from collector to emitter  

BIBILOGRAPHY www.arduino.cc www.atmel.com www.beyondlogic.org www.wikipedia.org www.howstuffworks.com www.alldatasheets.com

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