American Imperialism Objective: Analyze the expanding role of the U.S. in the world during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Presentation transcript:

American Imperialism Objective: Analyze the expanding role of the U.S. in the world during the late 19th and early 20th centuries

American Expansion

Spanish Colonial Rule By 1825, lost most its holdings Increased US interest in Cuba - sugar 1895 - Jose Marti (poet, journalist, patriot) launches rebellion from NY 1896 - Weyler sent to Cuba ordered reconcentration camps (300,000, 2yrs., starved and diseased) Valeriano “ Butcher” Weyler

U.S. RESPONSE 1898 - newly elected McKinley hopes to avoid war President William McKinley 1898 - newly elected McKinley hopes to avoid war Encouraged by Spanish reforms in Cuba deLome Letter - Spanish Minister to US Jingoes - call for war

MAINE EXPLOSION February 15, 1898, Havana Harbor 260 Americans killed Spanish investigation declared internal/accidental Mystery explosion solved in 1976 - faulty boiler

YELLOW PRESS New York Journal William Randolph Hearst New York World Joseph Pulitzer *exaggerated accounts *accuse Spain in Maine *jingoes calling for war “You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war!”

Spanish-American War April 11, 1898- McKinley called for war Battle of Manila Spanish-American War Emilio Aguinaldo April 11, 1898- McKinley called for war May 1st -War begins in Philippines Commodore George Dewey 6 ships/ 7 hrs - Manila harbor Waited for 11,000 reinforcements Allied w/Emilio Aguinaldo (freedom fighter since 1896) had already freed all of Philippines except Manila August 13th - Philippines freed from Spain

Rough Riders Cuba - Battle of San Juan Hill June 20 - troops land June 22 - Rough Riders & TR July 1 - San Juan Hill July 3- Spanish Fleet destroyed Rough Riders

“a moonlight excursion” Puerto Rico “a moonlight excursion” Santiago Harbor, Cuba July 17 -Santiago surrenders July 25 - Invaded Puerto Rico Spanish resistance feeble August 12 - cease fire "A splendid little war!" -John Hay

Effects of the Spanish-American War 385 KIA, 5,000 diseases/bad food Treaty of Paris 1898 *Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines - US *Spain paid 20 million *Cuba granted independence US creates Cuban protectorate - Platt Amendment Anti-Imperialist vs. Imperialist *debate its role in Philippines *debate citizenship of Puerto Ricans *Anti- fear mixed culture, job competition, principles of constitution

Presidential Foreign Policy Teddy Roosevelt “Big Stick”Diplomacy “Speak softly but carry a big stick” Monore Doctrine - Roosevelt Corollary “Open Door” to China

William Howard Taft “Dollar Diplomacy” Encourage American investment “dollars not bullets” Promote US authority and prosperity as well as world stability

Woodrow Wilson “Moral Diplomacy” US should champion democracy and help maintain world peace

Closing Question How did America’s role in the world change in the period of 1890-1920 and was it necessary to build an empire? What factors contributed to the change? What were the arguments for American Imperialism? What were the arguments against it?