Introduction to Computers

What is a computer? An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data, manipulate the data according to specified rules, produce information from the processing, and store the results for future use.

A teacher demonstrates the jobs of a computer.

Inside a computer

What are the components of the computer? Input devices Central processing unit (CPU) Output devices Memory Storage devices

Jobs of the Computer Accept Information Store Information Process Information Give back Processed Information

Parts of the Computer Input Memory Central Processing Unit Output

Information Processing Cycle—four general operations Input Processing Output Storage

Input Devices Keyboard Mouse Digital camera Scanner Microphone

Keyboards

Mouse Devices

Scanners

Microphones

The Central Processing Unit The Central Processing Unit is the part of the computer that does the processing. It is called the “brain” of the computer, but does not function like a human brain. It has two main parts. (c) Kathy Walsh

Central Processing Unit Made up of the control unit and arithmetic/logic unit The brains of the CPU is the processor. There are different brands and speeds Pentium made by Intel Celeron made by Intel Athlon made by AMD Memory RAM—also called Random Access Memory

Processors & Memory

Data Representation http://www.jimloy.com/math/billion.htm Byte—one character of data Kilobyte—one thousand bytes of data Megabyte—one million bytes Gigabyte—one billion bytes Terabyte—one trillion bytes Petabyte—one quadrillion bytes Exabyte—one quintillion bytes Zettabyte—one sextillion bytes Yottabyte—one septillion bytes http://www.jimloy.com/math/billion.htm

Memory ROM RAM Read Only Memory Random Access Memory Built in at the factory on a chip Permanent Cannot be changed by us Ex. Cursor, simple math, how to read a disk RAM Random Access Memory Stores information we enter, workplace Temporary Can be changed by us Ex. Games, typing lessons, programs (c) Kathy Walsh

Output Devices Printers Monitors Impact printers Nonimpact printers Dot matrix printers Nonimpact printers Ink jet Laser Color B & W Monitors CRT’S LCD’S

STORAGE DEVICES Floppy Disks Hard Disks CD’s—Compact Discs DVD’s 3.5-inch disks store 1.44M of data Must be formatted Tracks sectors Hard Disks Spins at 5,400 – 7,200 rpm (revolutions per minute) Can store anywhere between 10G – 120Petabyte+ of data CD’s—Compact Discs Available in a variety of formats—CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW A typical CD holds about 650 MB of data DVD’s Available as DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW Can hold 4.7 GB of data Zip Drives—high capacity floppy disk drive; has lost popularity Zip disks can hold from 100 MB – 250 MB of data USB Flash Drive Storage capacity between 32 MB – 256 GB

STORAGE DEVICES

Software—Can be categorized into four types System software Application software Educational software Entertainment software

System Software Controls the operations of computer equipment Operating System software tells the computer how to: Load Store Execute OS is loaded into memory when the computer is turned on This process is called booting Most OS’s use a Graphical User Interface (GUI) Provides visual cues such as icons Each icon represents an application

Application Software Programs that tell a computer how to produce information Commonly used applications Word processing Spreadsheet Database Presentation Financial Email Taxing

Educational Software Software that can be used for learning purposes Examples include: Jump Start Series Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing Reader Rabbit Encarta or World Book Math Blaster Rosetta Stone Spanish

Entertainment Software Sports games Madden NFL MLB The Sims World of Warcraft Rollercoaster Tycoon Final Fantasy Halo Myst Half Life Barbie Fashion Show

The Central Processing Unit has two distinct parts. Control Arithmetic/Logic (c) Kathy Walsh

The job of the control is to direct information in the computer. (c) Kathy Walsh

The control sends the information where it needs to go. (c) Kathy Walsh

The Arithmetic/Logic has two jobs. Logic=comparison Arithmetic – add So the Arithmetic/Logic adds and compares (c) Kathy Walsh

How does it do other math? Multiplication 3 X 4 = 4 + 4 + 4 Subtraction 7 – 2 = 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 It adds and compares until it gets to 7. Then it adds up the ones. Division 27 / 9 = 9 + 9 + 9 It adds and compares until it gets to 27 It simply adds and compares. What about really large numbers? (c) Kathy Walsh

What is the speed at which the computer works? A nanosecond – one billionth of a second. (c) Kathy Walsh

Grace Hopper – Naval Commander Gave a good explanation of how fast a nanosecond works. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504803_162-57389728-10391709/grace-hopper-she-taught-computers-to-talk/ (c) Kathy Walsh

Model T & Current Car Old Computers site http://www (c) Kathy Walsh

Will computers ever work faster than they do now? (c) Kathy Walsh

Can man travel the speed of sound? Chuck Yeager was the first man to travel the speed of sound. (c) Kathy Walsh

Can man travel the speed of light? Albert Einstein’s theory states that if man ever travels the speed of light – he will travel through time. (c) Kathy Walsh

Computer Bug And, if you've ever used the expression "bug" to describe a computer malfunction or software problem, you've got Ms. Hopper to thank as well. In 1947, something went haywire in the Mark II computer system. Upon closer inspection, a dead moth was discovered in the wiring and removed. From that point on, Hooper said, when anything went wrong with the computer, everyone said "it has a bug in it. (c) Kathy Walsh

On the test (c) Kathy Walsh

You will label this diagram. (c) Kathy Walsh

What are the two parts of the Central Processing Unit? Control Arithmetic/Logic (c) Kathy Walsh

What is the job of each part? The control directs information The arithmetic/logic Adds Compares (c) Kathy Walsh

What is the speed at which the computer works called? a nanosecond (c) Kathy Walsh

Chapter 6 test 1. Label the diagram 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5._________ 6._________ 7. What is the job of the control? To direct information 8 & 9. What are the jobs of the Arithmetic/Logic? Add and compare 10. The speed at which the computer works is called a nanosecond. (c) Kathy Walsh

-Be familiar with information on all slides. Know the different items to be stored on different types of storage device. -Take a screen shot of your home computers hard drive memory and paste it into a word document.

Check our Computers Storage & Memory Take a Screen Shot of the Following 2 items and Paste them into a Microsoft Word Document. Click on Start, Right click on Computer, click on Properties. (This will give you computers RAM) Click on My Computer, hover over Hard Drive (C). (This will give you the amount of storage on your computers Hard Drive) (c) Kathy Walsh