Petrology and mineralogy Michal Sončík 2.BA

Petrology Petrology (from the Greek , pétros, "rock" and lógos) is the branch of geology that studies the origin, composition, distribution and structure of rocks. Petrology utilizes the fields of mineralogy, petrography, optical mineralogy, and chemical analysis to describe the composition and texture of rocks. There are three branches of petrology, corresponding to the three types of rocks: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary, and another dealing with experimental techniques.

Mineralogy Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of chemistry, crystal structure, and physical properties of minerals. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, as well as their utilization.

Systematic Systematic mineralogy is the identification and classification of minerals by their properties. Historically, mineralogy was heavily concerned with taxonomy of the rock-forming minerals. In 1959, the International Mineralogical Association formed the Commission of New Minerals and Mineral Names to rationalize the nomenclature and regulate the introduction of new names.  There are over 6,000 named and unnamed minerals, and about 100 are discovered each year.  The Manual of Mineralogy places minerals in the following classes: native elements, sulfides, sulfosalts, oxides and hydroxides, halides, carbonates, nitrates and borates, sulfates

How we can identified rocks? Physical properties These can be classified into density Macroscopic visual Magnetic and electric properties; Madioactivity and solubility in hydrogen chloride(HCl) Optical Chemical

Crystal structure The crystal structure is the arrangement of atoms in a crystal.

Example Halit Agardit Granite-žula Limestone (CaCO3)

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