Risky Business at Seaside Oregon: Natural Hazards & Vulnerabilities Eriks Puris Portland Community College, South East Campus Yeats (2015) discusses the hazards due to Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes as well as shallow and deep earthquakes. Fig. 2 shows Introduction Your introduction should include a brief description of your population center as well as an overview of the natural hazards to which it is subject. A good figure to include in this section would be a base map of your area (Fig. 1). The font should be as large as is necessary to see from 5 feet away. For example, the font of this text is Times New Roman at size 35. The exact font and size is up to you. Feel free to experiment but remember to keep it legible. This poster was created in Google Slides as a single slide with a width of 48” and a height of 36”. When projected onto the screen it will be about 5’ x 7’ large. The section title ‘Introduction’ should be centered and bolded. The poster should should be neat, inviting and professional. Liquefaction & Landslides In this section include information about the paleogeography of North America. Where were the coastlines located? Was North America covered by a shallow sea or was it high and dry? Were there any major mountain chains in North America, if so where were they located? Where there active volcanoes? If so, where? Where was North America located on the globe? Near the equator or near a pole or somewhere in between? A good images to include would be a paleogeographic map (like Figure 4). The text boxes are 9 inches wide and spaced about an inch apart. Figure 5. The radiation of the horses during the Miocene. Source: Babcock (2008) Risk In this section discuss the events that are unique to your time period and their impact on the Earth. This section will vary considerably from time period to time period, for some time periods it will center on biologic events such as extinctions and radiations, for others it will center of climatic events such as ice ages or hot houses, for still other is it will center on tectonic events such as the creation and destruction of supercontinents (Figs. 6 & 7). Use this section to section pursue in greater depth whatever you find most important and interesting about your time period. Figure 3. Expected earthquakes shaking due to Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquakes and local earthquakes. Source: DOGAMI HazVu, http://www.oregongeology.org/sub/hazvu/index.htm accessed 12/6/2016. Discuss the various earthquake sources that may impact your population center including including shallow, deep and subduction zone earthquakes. Also discuss the historic record of each as well as the expected recurrence time and magnitude for each type of earthquake. Tsunami If your population center is located on the coast you will need to discuss the tsunami hazards from local and distant earthquakes. For each you should include a discussion of expected warning times and run ups. The text boxes are 9 inches wide and spaced about an inch apart. Figure 5. The radiation of the horses during the Miocene. Source: Babcock (2008) Figure 1. Each figure should include a figure caption describing what is important about the figure and cite the source of the figure. Font can be smaller for figures than main text, this is 24 point. Source: DOGAMI (2016). Figure 6. Isotopic shift in carbon isotopes associated with the rise of C4 grasses during the Miocene. Source: Source: Babcock (2009). Vulnerability In this section discuss the biota of your time period. What are the major groups present? What are the major evolutionary developments of your time period. Were there any extinctions? How did changes in life during your time period affect the Earth and modify its geologic and chemical processes? A good figure to include this section might be an evolutionary tree (Fig. 5) which characterizes changes during your time period. I would characterize the layout of this poster as being fairly dull. Feel free to get creative with the layout, just keep it neat and professional looking. I would also caution you to not spend too much time formatting your poster, your content is more important than the format!! This poster was created using the Miocene Period as an example. Your poster will vary somewhat, but this should give you a good starting point to create your own very fine and informative poster. Hazards This section should identify the main natural hazards that impact you population center. Each population center will have a slightly different mix of hazards. If some hazards does not impact your area at all it is OK to omit it Earthquakes Cite references in the text by giving putting the author and date in parentheses (Author, year) or by incorporating the author’s name into the sentence with the date in parentheses. the the Figure 7. Tectonic setting of western North America during the Miocene. Source: Martin (2012). Figure 4. Expected tsunami run up due to Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquakes. Source: DOGAMI HazVu, http://www.oregongeology.org/sub/hazvu/index.htm accessed 12/6/2016. Summary In a series of bullet points recap the main points of your poster. Your bullet points should address the plate tectonics, climate, life, North American paleogeography, key events, geologic significance of your geologic time period. Make sure to highlight unusual and interesting aspects of your geologic time period here. Make sure to include specifics in this section. References. Figure 2. Historic seismicity and faults in the vicinity of Seaside. Note that Seaside lies between NW-SE trending faults. Source: DOGAMI HazVu, http://www.oregongeology.org/sub/hazvu/index.htm accessed 12/6/2016.

Figure 1. Each figure should include a figure caption describing what is important about the figure and cite the source of the figure. Font can be smaller for figures than main text, this is 24 point. Source: DOGAMI (2016).

Historic Seismicity & Faults

Hazard: Expected Earthquake Shaking

Hazard: Cascadia Subduction Zone Shaking

Hazard: Tsunami

Hazard: Liquefaction

Hazard: Landslide

Overall Hazard Very High High Medium

Hazard Level Reasoning VERY HIGH Area subject to infrequent violent earthquake shaking, along with accompanying tsunami HIGH Area subject to infrequent severe earthquake shaking along with more frequent landslides MEDIUM Area subject to infrequent violent earthquake shaking

Vulnerability: Buildings

Overall Vulnerability High Medium

Vulnerability Reasoning HIGH Area of high population density and buildings including hospitals and schools, seasonal/weekly/holiday fluctuations in population due to tourism MEDIUM Areas with roads NO VULNERABILITY Area with low population density, no buildings, roads or other infrastructure

Overall Risk High Medium Low

Risk Reasoning HIGH Very high hazard due to earthquake shaking and tsunami, high vulnerability due to high population and building density however population fluctuates with tourism MEDIUM Access roads subject to landslides triggered by earthquakes or storms LOW Access roads subject to liqufaction due to earthquakes NONE No vulnerability due to no population, builidngs or infrastructure

Risky Business at Seaside Oregon: Natural Hazards & Vulnerabilities Eriks Puris Portland Community College References Smaller print is OK here, the exact reference format is up to you, this is a good place to put into practice what you have learned in your writing classes. That said, each reference should be detailed and complete allowing me to quickly and accurately locate the cited work. If you use a web site make sure to include the full URL and the date on which you accessed the site. Make sure each figure in your poster has a reference. In addition to the figure references you should have at least three more references. Some examples follow: Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number, page number Author, A. A., (year). Title of work. Location: Publisher. Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Title of chapter. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher. DOGAMI (2016) Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Oregon HazVu: Statewide Geohazards Viewer: DOGAMI | Statewide Hazards Viewer - Introduction, http://www.oregongeology.org/sub/hazvu/index.htm (accessed November 2016). Martin, R. (2013) Earth’s evolving Systems: The History of Planet Earth. Burlington, MA., Jones and Bartlett Learning. Wikipedia Contributors (2013) Miocene. Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, accessed 5/20/2013: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene Zachos, J., Pagani, M., Sloan, L. Thomas, E. and Billups, K. (2001) Trends, Rhythms and Aberrations in Global Climate 65 Ma to Present. Science v. 292 no. 5517 pp. 686-693. DOI: 10.1126/science.1059412.