Unit 1: Chemistry and Matter Miss Knick

What is Chemistry? Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes

5 Branches of Chemistry Organic Chemistry- The study of most carbon containing compounds. Example: C6H12O6 (Sugar)

5 Branches of Chemistry 2. Inorganic Chemistry- The study of all substances that do not contain carbon. Example: H2O (Water)

5 Branches of Chemistry 3. Physical Chemistry- the study of the properties, changes, and relationship between energy and matter

5 Branches of Chemistry Analytical chemistry- the identification of the components and composition of materials.

5 Branches of Chemistry 5. Biochemistry- the study of substances and processes occurring in living things. Example: Photosynthesis

Measures the amount of lead in a blood sample. Study non-carbon-based chemicals in rocks Investigate changes that occur when food is digested in the stomach Study carbon based chemicals in coal Explain the energy transfer that occurs when ice melts Test the pH of a solution to see if it is acidic or basic. Study why semi-truck drivers use diesel fuel to run their vehicles. Study the energy a quarterback uses to throws a football Examine a marker to determine the individual colors that make up the final color of the marker Examine a hair sample found at a crime scene to test for DNA Study the gases that make up the atmosphere in outer space Study how the muscles contract when a person starts to run Study the rate at which aspirin is dissolved into the human blood system Examine a sample of Doritos chips to see how much dye is in them Examine a sample of cold medicine to understand why it can help suppress the symptoms of a cold

Matter and Properties Mass is the measure of the amount of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and volume (occupies space). Examples: You, me, your desk, air, smoke, water vapor. .

Pure Matter Two types: 1. Elements 2. Compounds

Pure Matter An element is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom. They are organized in the Periodic Table. A Compound is a substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. Example: NaCl (two elements JOINED together)

Atom vs. Molecule

Impure Matter A mixture is impure matter A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties and can be separated physically.

Mixtures Two types of mixtures: 1. Heterogeneous 2. Homogeneous Homogeneous (also known as solutions) have uniform composition throughout. Examples: air, sugar in water, stainless steel. Heterogeneous are not uniform. Examples: granite, wood

Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous

Classify the following: River Water Blood Milk Sodium Carbon Monoxide Bleach (NaOCl) Chicken Noodle Soup Ammonia (NH3)

Separation Techniques A mixture can be separated using physical means. Separation Techniques include using: A magnet Evaporation Distillation Chromatography Centrifugation Separating Funnel

Distillation

Filtration

Problem: You obtain a mixture of iron, sand, and salt Problem: You obtain a mixture of iron, sand, and salt. Describe how each substance can be separated using the separation techniques discussed. You will use more than one separation technique. You may need to add another substance.

Tomorrow…. Meet in the green Tomorrow…. Meet in the green! Bring your note handout, Camera, and pen/pencil.

Physical Properties Physical properties can be observed or measured without altering the identity of a material. Example: color, texture, melting point, state of matter.

3 states of matter Solids have definite shape and volume. Particles are packed closely together. Liquids have definite volume but, no shape 3. Gases have neither a definite volume nor definite shape.

States of Matter

Physical Changes Physical change is any change that does NOT result in a change in identity. Examples cutting wire, crushing a solid, gas expanding. Changes in state of matter is a physical change. Example: melting, boiling, freezing.

Chemical Properties Chemical Properties relates to a substances ability to undergo changes that alters its identity. Example a chemical’s reactivity.

Chemical Change Chemical change is when a substance is converted into different substance. Examples milk souring, leaves changing color in the fall. The process CANNOT be reversed.

Signs of a Chemical Change 1. Color Change 2. Heat and/or light is produced 3. Bubbles form (gas) 4. A precipitate is produced (A precipitate is a solid)

The Periodic Table Periodic table of elements is divided into small squares that have one element in each square. Elements have been named from their Latin meaning, places, famous scientists and from mythology.

Family or groups- vertical columns (18) Period- horizontal rows (7) Metals- ductile, malleable, lustrous, conduct heat and electricity, high tensile strength Nonmetals- brittle, dull, poor conductor Metalloids (also known as semi-metals)- have some characteristics of metals and nonmetals.

CHEM II 1st quiz will be tomorrow: formula writing, predicting products for a chemical reaction, and stoichiometry. We will meet in the computer lab for class on Friday and Monday – Breisth Hall Room 208