Chemistry of Water

Characteristics of Water: Inorganic- does not contain carbon

Characteristics of Water: 2. When H and O form a covalent bond, electrons are shared unevenly making the molecule polar Shared e- spends more time near the O Negative pole near the oxygen Positive pole between the hydrogen atoms

Characteristics of Water: 3. Universal solvent Due to + and – areas, most substances will dissolve in water

Characteristics of Water: 4. Occurs as a liquid in wide temperature range

5. Less dense as solid than liquid Characteristics of Water: 5. Less dense as solid than liquid Ice floats insulating ponds

Characteristics of Water: 6. Water molecules and solid surfaces are attracted to one another- adhesion- causes capillary action Water moves up tiny tubes in trees in a continuous column

Characteristics of Water: 7. Water molecules are cohesive- stick to each other Meniscus forms on a graduated cylinder Surface tension

Solutions and Suspensions Water is often found as part of a mixture Mixture- material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but are not chemically combined

Mixture Examples Salt and pepper Atmosphere gases

Solutions and Suspensions 2 types of mixtures involving water are solutions & suspensions 1. Solutions: molecules when mixed become evenly distributed Solute: the substance that is dissolved Solvent: the substance in which the solute dissolves Water is the greatest solvent on Earth

Solutions and Suspensions 2. Suspensions: water and non- dissolved materials Material doesn’t dissolve but separates into smaller pieces that do not settle out ex: blood Contains solutions but also cells & other non-dissolved particles that remain in suspension as blood moves through the body