User Experience Design Overview HCDE 418 Winter 2014

Agenda Announcements Introductions Questions on syllabus Lecture & Discussion – What is User Experience Design? Break Lecture & Discussion – Design Process Next class

Announcements R1 due now R2 due next Monday A1 and S1 due next Wednesday

Introduction - Instructor Julie Kientz (pronounced like “Keentz”) Please call me Julie! Assistant Professor in HCDE Ph.D. in Computer Science from Georgia Tech Research in Human-Computer Interaction Computing for Healthy Living & Learning (CHiLL) Personal Interests: Playing with my daughter, Travel, Skiing, Running & Fitness, Pets (have 1 dog, 2 cats), Volunteering, Reading, Games

Introduction - TA Jonathan Cook Also goes by Jon MDes. student in Interaction Design (IxD) in the Division of Design in the School of Art Design interests: Personal Interests:

LECTURE & DISCUSSION – UX DESIGN OVERVIEW

What is Design? Creative endeavor Processes, methods Outputs are things Process of creating or shaping tools or artifacts for direct human use people-centered concerns

Characteristics of Design is conscious keeps human concerns in the center is a conversation with materials is creative is communication has social implications is a social activity

Design vs. Engineering Engineering Design Make a mostly-known outcome possible Construct a sturdy bridge based on specifications Concerned with what can be done Reliance on well-established formulae Humans may or may not be directly “in the loop” Design Envision new possibilities, new outcomes Determine what outcome should result among infinite possibilities Reliance on process over formulae Humans are central actors “in the loop”

Design vs. Art Design (as we regard it) concerns the creation of something useful and usable Art does not bother with this restriction The test: how to deem what is “good”?

What is User Experience? Take two minutes to write down a definition in your own words

User Experience Definitions "User experience" encompasses all aspects of the end-user's interaction with the company, its services, and its products.” “The first requirement for an exemplary user experience is to meet the exact needs of the customer, without fuss or bother. Next comes simplicity and elegance that produce products that are a joy to own, a joy to use. True user experience goes far beyond giving customers what they say they want, or providing checklist features. -Nielsen-Norman Group

UX vs. Usability Evaluation of understandability vs. holistic design Designing it right vs. the right design Often, poor usability leads to a bad user experience, but not necessarily

UX vs. User-Centered Design More similarly related – user experience design is an activity that follows a user-centered design process

Other Contrasts Interface vs. interaction design design vs. Design Artifact versus sequence Graphic < interface < interaction < user experience design vs. Design design: the general activity we've been talking about so far Design: the formal field, including theory, methods, literature, and practice

Who Does Design? Designers! designers are also often: Interface designers Interaction designers Industrial designers Graphic designers designers are also often: Applied anthropologists Design ethnographers Social psychologists Cognitive psychologists Experimental psychologists Computer scientists Engineers Information architects Usability professionals Technical writers Dramatists

Can Anyone be a Designer? Don Norman says “yes” Mostly in the “design” sense Bill Buxton says “no” Mostly in the “Design” sense Not really a clear consensus on this

What is Designed? “Look around you. The only thing not designed is Nature.” David Kelley Anything consciously intended for human use is designed Often poorly, though, which is where user experience design comes in

What is Designed in UX? Artifact view: The object, device, or system that is designed Holistic view: The interaction, the flow, the user's experience are all designed all potential users (often > 1) all other stakeholders manuals tutorials help systems customer support what else? Think in terms of users' goals Artifacts have no goals People have goals! Keep users in the center in the beginning, middle, and end

Why is Design Hard? Experience design is multidisciplinary Judging/predicting which designs will be successful and which will not is difficult It is simply hard to come up with good solutions The space of “the possible” is vast compared to the space of “the good”

Why is Design Hard? All design involves making tradeoffs Can't maximize everything Good designs are non-obvious Humans are unpredictable Humans make errors Design relies on process expertise, not knowledge expertise

Core Skills of Design To synthesize a solution from all of the relevant constraints, understanding everything that will make a difference to the result To frame, or reframe, the problem and objective To create and envision alternatives. To select from those alternatives, knowing intuitively how to choose the best approach. To visualize and prototype the intended solution

Sketches on Design Thinking (Andy Ko)

Design is Not Just “Lipstick on a Pig” Not just changing how things look Or making things pretty Or designing graphics

UX Design Mantras “The user is not like me.” –Don Norman “The best way to have good ideas is to have lots of ideas.” – Linus Pauling “Fail often to succeed sooner.” – IDEO “Enlightened trial-and-error succeeds over the careful planning of the lone genius.” – IDEO

“The user is not like me” Why not? Designers are much more familiar with the interface and with the problems being solved than users. Designers are confident. Users are often fearful. Designers work in settings that are different than the context in which the product may be used. Designers may have different skills than users (e.g., perceptual, cognitive, or domain skills). (from Don Norman)

A1: Thinking about UX Design Think about the objects with which you experience and how they're designed Derive design principles Assignment description posted on Canvas (A1) Due Wednesday, 1/15/14

BREAK – 5 MINUTES

LECTURE & DISCUSSION UX DESIGN PROCESS

Why a Design Process? It helps us get started with a proven tack It prevents “designer's block” It keeps us directed toward a final product It helps us stay on schedule and within cost It helps us measure design progress It helps us communicate where we are to others It prevents us from omitting important steps It is more reliable than intuition It forces us to iterate! It helps us keep the user first!

Designers' Expertise… …lies not in the thing he or she is designing e.g., shopping carts, cell phones, pencils You do not have to be a health expert to be a designer of a personal health record portal In fact, if you were, it would probably stifle you (Why?) These people suffer from their expert blind spots Think of helping your grandparents with computers – it’s hard to explain things when you know to much about it Instead, you must be an expert in the process of design

Design Process? NO! WRONG!

Design Requires Iteration

Stage Goals Generate lots of ideas Grasp issues and potential solutions Learn about stakeholders Discover goals and needs How is it done now? What is wanted? What else has been tried? Build final product Ramp up marketing, support, and maintenance Produce something tangible Identify challenges Uncover subtleties Discover problems Assess progress Determine next steps

Design Processes There is no agreement on an exact design process For each process shown What do you like about it? What do you not like about it? What is missing? What is superfluous?

Moggridge '07 Process What do you like about it? What do you not like about it? What is missing? What is superfluous?

Buxton’s Design Process What do you like about it? What do you not like about it? What is missing? What is superfluous?

Idea Generation Process What do you like about it? What do you not like about it? What is missing? What is superfluous?

Laseau’s Funnel ‘80 What do you like about it? What do you not like about it? What is missing? What is superfluous?

ISO 13407 What do you like about it? What do you not like about it? What is missing? What is superfluous?

ISO 9241-210 What do you like about it? What do you not like about it? What is missing? What is superfluous? Replaced ISO 13407

Dix '04 Process What do you like about it? What do you not like about it? What is missing? What is superfluous?

Simplified View What do you like about it? What do you not like about it? What is missing? What is superfluous?

Very Simplified View What do you like about it? What do you not like about it? What is missing? What is superfluous?

Apple’s Process What do you like about it? What do you not like about it? What is missing? What is superfluous?

Comparing the Processes What do they all have in common? What seem to be the main components?

What about Engineering? What about writing production-level code or constructing working products? What about quality assurance (QA)? Bug fixing? Feature requests? Feature creep? The design process and the engineering processes must work together

Summary UX Design is a highly iterative process Design processes must keep the user’s interests central UX Design starts with understanding the user Designs are never truly perfect - They can always be improved. It is a skill to know when to stop iterating and call a design “finished”

IDEO's Deep Dive Classic example of the user-centered design process IDEO's Deep Dive Video Part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooN05Q030Qo Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7_sZy-kusw Part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxO8t9Sonk8

Discussion

Next Class Topics Monday, January 13th Upcoming Work Design Methods 1: Look & Ask Upcoming Work R2 Reading Reflection Assignment 1 Sketching Project 1 due in Week 3