Tech Level Cyber Security 2h, 2i

Learning objectives Learners will have the opportunity to: understand how internal hard drives work understand the different types of memory chips: Random Access Memory (RAM) Static Random Access Memory SRAM) Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) Read Only Memory (ROM) Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) contrast the features of the different memory chips evaluate the effectiveness of the different memory chip.

Assessment outcomes 2h – How internal hard drives work 2i – Types of memory chips

Pre-Reading Discussion The purpose of memory in computer systems Different types of Internal Hard Drive: SSD Magnetic Disk SATA PCIe How does an Internal Hard Drive Work? Different types of memory and chips: DRAM SRAM FIFO EPROM PROM

How does the hard drive work? In your groups make notes using your pre-reading and the lesson resources to explain how an internal hard drive works. This should cover: How a Hard Drive Disk (Magnetic) works How a Solid State Drive works

Different Chip Sets: RAM and ROM Random Access Memory (RAM) This type of memory is the memory you are talking about when you say that your computer has got 256 Mbytes of RAM, for example. The number is a measure of how much memory you have got, how many applications you can open at the same time and how much data you can store, ready for the CPU to access. If you have 256 Mbytes of RAM, for example, you have approximately 256 million individual memory locations in which to store applications and data. Each memory location has its own address and you can store an instruction or a piece of data in each location. The more RAM you have, the more applications you can open at the same time and the more data files you can open as well. RAM is volatile.  That means that the contents of the memory locations disappear completely once power is removed. The contents only remain whilst your computer is switched on.. Read Only Memory (ROM) Another type of memory is Read Only Memory, or ROM. This type of memory holds a special program that starts running when the computer is powered up. It holds a part of a program called the BIOS. This program does 2 things. It checks that the computer hardware is present and correctly working. It runs a routine that looks for another special program called the bootstrap program. This is usually held in a special place on the hard drive. When it finds it, it loads it into RAM and runs it. The job of the bootstrap program is to locate the operating system on the hard drive and then load it into RAM and run it. Starting up a computer from a power-off situation to where the operating system has been loaded up is known as 'booting up' the computer. ROM is non-volatile.  That means that the contents of ROM are NOT lost when you turn the power off, unlike RAM. The actual program in ROM is put there by the manufacturers of motherboards, for example, around the time the ROM chip is placed in a motherboard.

Different Chip Sets: SRAM and DRAM There are two type or RAM, namely DRAM and SRAM. Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) is what you will find in a RAM module DRAM is commonly used for main memory because it is relatively inexpensive. However, it needs to constantly receive a "refresh signal" that keeps its capacitors charged, otherwise it will lose the data it is holding. Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is commonly used for the cache. This is because it is much faster to access than DRAM. Also, SRAM does not need require a refresh signal.

Different Chip sets: PROM EPROM EEPROM PROM chips are programmable read- only memory chips that differ from other programmable read-only memory chips because they can only be written to once. PROM chips cannot be erased with UV light or electronically. EPROM chips are erasable programmable read-only memory. These types of memory chips can be erased when they are exposed to ultraviolet light. When erased, the ERPOM chips can then be reprogrammed to contain a new set of data or reused to house a different program. EEPROM Chips are the same as EPROM except they don’t need ultraviolet light to be erased – they can be erased electronically.

Presentation Task Individual Task Extra Sources Create a PowerPoint that explains: What the different types of memory chips are When they are used Which are the most commonly used nowadays and why Evaluation of the usefulness of different chipsets: Which would you use in a personal computer, tablet, single user system, single application system, multi-tasking systems. Why? ehow.com/about_5547709_types- memory-chips.html Types of memory chips pcworld.com/article/2084240/new- types-of-ram-could-revolutionize-your- pc.html New types of RAM - Comparison

Graded Exercises Complete the graded exercises for today’s lesson. (Lesson 4 Folder) If you have answered a question in your notes circle the section and write the question above it in a different coloured pen.

Pre-Reading for lesson 5 Make pre-reading notes on the following topics: Resources The purpose and features of BIOS: Instructions Booting Identifying devices CPU Memory The features of an Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) Input and Output Devices and Controllers Expansion Cards Computer Ports See URLs in Lesson 5 Folder