WORLD HISTORY READERS Level 6-① World War I

World WarⅠ When was World War I (WWI)? Crowds gathered in Paris at the beginning of WWI. When was World War I (WWI)? 1914-1918 The street corner where the Archduke was killed How long did most people think the war would last? A few months The arrest of Archduke Ferdinand’s murderer What event started the war? The assassination of the Austro-Hungarian prince, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, on June 28, 1914.

Why Did WWI Start? Who fought in the war? Major Allied Powers The Allied Powers/Allies fought against the Central Powers. Major Allied Powers Great Britain France The Russian Empire The United States Italy   *The Allies grew to include over 20 nations. Major Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Ottoman Empire

The Trenches How was much of the war fought? German soldiers in a trench. What were some of the advantages of fighting in the trenches? In trenches -Protection from enemy gunfire -Protection from artillery fire -Safer places to sleep -Safer places to eat What were some of the problems in the trenches? What was even safer than a trench? - Flooding - Rats - Disease - Depression Preserved trenches in Holland A German bunker, Flanders Fields A bunker

A New Way to Fight How was this war different from previous wars? Preserved WWI trenches in Belgium How was this war different from previous wars? Battles in previous wars happened fast, and armies moved quickly on horses. However, because of the trenches, the battles in WWI were long and slow. How long would the trenches be if laid end-to-end? In total, the trenches built during WWI would stretch about 25,000 miles if they were laid end-to-end.

The Weapons What were some of the weapons used during WWI? German soldiers with different weapons An American artillery gun Hot air balloons Grenades Large artillery guns Poison gas Tanks Machine guns Light-shell rockets Airplanes German machine gunners in a trench Soldiers wearing gas masks Where did the idea of a tank come from? Which weapon was banned after WWI? Poison gas A farm tractor

Tanks in WWI How were the tanks helpful? A WWI tank How were the tanks helpful? They helped to capture enemy trenches, and they made war more mobile again. When were the first tanks used? How many tanks were produced during the war? A group of tanks close to the front line In the Battle of the Flers in 1916 Over 2,500 by the British Over 3,500 by the French Only 20 by the Germans

WWI Terms What does “trench foot” mean? A German trench Soldiers dying between the trenches What does “trench foot” mean? “Trench foot” is when a person’s feet have been wet for so long that their feet rot. The skin and tissue turns black and dies. No man’s land What does “no man’s land” mean? Soldiers crossing no man’s land “No man’s land” was the muddy area between enemy trenches. It was filled with rows of barbed wire and dead soldiers.

Sympathy for the Enemy What would happen during ceasefires? A German soldier approaches British lines with a Christmas tree, 1914 What were ceasefires? What would happen during ceasefires? Ceasefires were short agreements to stop fighting during the war. Usually, soldiers would bury the dead and fix damaged trenches. What happened during Christmas in 1914? What happened when high-level officials found out about these ceasefires? There were some special ceasefires. Some Germans and Allies sang Christmas carols together. Others exchanged gifts like tobacco and cake. Some even played soccer. They were banned from happening ever again.

The Battle of the Somme What was the most bloody battle of the war? French troops at the Battle of the Somme What was the most bloody battle of the war? The Battle of the Somme in 1916 What happened? Indian soldiers on horses at the Battle of the Somme The Allies began with an eight-day artillery gun attack. Then 750,000 men attacked, but the German defenses held. On the first day of the battle, 58,000 British troops were injured or killed. The battle lasted for more than four months before the British called it off. The British lost 420,000 troops, the French lost nearly 200,000 troops, and the Germans lost 500,000 troops.

The End of the War How many people were killed or injured during WWI? Wounded American soldiers and a nurse How many people were killed or injured during WWI? Approximately 17 million people were killed and 20 million were injured. A nurse writing a letter for a wounded soldier How did the war end? A treaty was signed in France between the Allied forces and Germany. Saint Quentin in France after 4 years of war Crowds at the signing of the Treaty of Versailles

Vocabulary barbed wire n. bunker n. ­­­­­strong wire with short, sharp points on it bunker n. a strongly built shelter for soldiers or guns, usually underground

Vocabulary crawl v. grenade n. to move forward on your hands and knees, with your body close to the ground grenade n. a small bomb thrown by hand or shot from a gun

Vocabulary hot air balloon n. miserable adj. a very large bag filled with heated air that has a basket hanging under it in which people can ride miserable adj. very unhappy or uncomfortable

Vocabulary patriotism n. sympathy n. love of your country more than any other country sympathy n. the feeling of understanding and caring about someone’s problems