Get out your cookie cartoon. Cookie making analogies

The Cookbook is like: DNA

The Cookie Recipe is like: gene A Gene holds the instructions for making a specific protein. There are 1000’s of genes in our DNA

The Cookie is like: protein Instructions for making proteins are found in genes.

Bobby’s house is like: the nucleus

The Transcribed Recipe is like: RNA RNA is a molecule very similar to DNA.

Outside of Bobby’s house is like: cytoplasm of the cell

Stacey the Cookie Maker is like: the ribosome and tRNA Ribosomes and tRNA are molecules that help build proteins– using instructions from mRNA.

1. The cookbook has a lot of recipes. 2 1. The cookbook has a lot of recipes. 2. There is a recipe for making cookies. 3. The cookbook with the recipes cannot leave the house. 4. The recipe gets transcribed into a written out recipe. 5. The written out recipe leaves the house. 6. Stacey follows the instructions on the written out recipe. 7. Cookies are made.

1. The cookbook has a lot of recipes. 2 1. The cookbook has a lot of recipes. 2. There is a recipe for making cookies. 3. The cookbook with the recipes cannot leave the house. 4. The recipe gets transcribed into a written out recipe. 5. The written out recipe leaves the house. 6. Stacey follows the instructions on the written out recipe. 7. Cookies are made. DNA genes gene proteins DNA gene nucleus gene “copied” mRNA mRNA nucleus Ribosomes & tRNA mRNA Proteins

1. How is DNA like a cookbook? DNA has the instructions for making everything in the cell. DNA is a very important molecule.

2. Why are genes like recipes? Inside of our DNA are genes. Genes are small segments of DNA that hold the information needed to make a specific protein.

3. What happens when proteins need to be made? When a certain protein is needed in the cell, the gene with those instructions is needed. Proteins are made outside the nucleus, but the information for making proteins is found in the nucleus. DNA cannot leave the nucleus.

4. How does the information needed to make proteins get out of the nucleus? The needed gene is transcribed (copied) into a molecule called mRNA.

DNA vs RNA DNA RNA Double strand Deoxyribose A T G C Can NOT leave nucleus RNA Single strand Ribose A U C G CAN leave the nucleus

5. What happens once the mRNA is made? mRNA is a molecule very similar to DNA. mRNA can leave the nucleus.

6. How do the instructions in RNA get made into a protein? Molecules called tRNA and ribosomes follow the instructions found in mRNA and help create the needed proteins.

7. The final product The protein is now made and can be used by the cell.

Post-Note Questions 1. Explain why transcribing (copying) DNA into RNA is an essential step for making proteins?

Post-Note Questions 2. In step 4, genes (small segments of DNA) get transcribed into RNA. Why is only the gene transcribed and not all of the DNA?

Making Proteins vs. Making Cookies Cookie Cartoon Summary Statements in between. Protein Cartoon

DNA Transcription and Translation

Practice ACT ACG ATC GAC TAT UGA UGC UAG CUG AUA DNA Strand: What is the Complementary RNA strand? UGA UGC UAG CUG AUA

What Does RNA Do? Reads and transfers information from DNA to parts of the cell responsible for Building Proteins Is a temporary, reusable copy of the Genetic Code of certain Genes

Types of RNA mRNA Messenger RNA After being formed, the mRNA leaves the Nucleus and travels to the Ribosome tRNA Transfer RNA Transfers Amino Acids (Makes up the new Protein) to the Ribosome as the Protein is being produced

A Few New Words Codon: A set of 3 Nucleotides Anticodon: 3 tRNA Nucleotides which complement a Codon Amino Acid: Building block of a Protein

What is the mRNA Code Sequence?

Transcription Video 4:50-5:35

Translation Video: Sketch 7:45-10:50

Final Products Amino Acid Chains (Proteins) are built to perform specific functions in the cell In the cell, Proteins have numerous jobs: Control the rate of reactions Regulate cell processes Form bones and muscles Transport substances into or out of cells Help to fight disease