General Guidelines Read your peer’s paper more than one time. Do not make any written corrections during the first reading. Make corrections and comments directly onto your peer’s paper. Be critical. When you return the paper, discuss any “No” answers. Explain the problems you found.

Form 1. Does the paper have a title? 2. Is the title in the correct form? 3. Are the paragraphs indented five spaces? 4. Is the paper double-spaced? (or 1.5) 5. How many words are in the paper? 6. Is there a topic sentence? Underline it. 7. Does the topic sentence indicate the process/purpose?

Form 8. Is the first paragraph organized in time? 9. Does the second paragraph have a topic sentence? Underline it. 10. Does the paper contain at least one complex sentence? Mark it. 11. Does the paper contain a before/after/when/while-type phrase? Mark it. 12. Is there a concluding sentence at the end of the second paragraph? 13. Find at least three grammatical errors, and mark them. Ask me if you are not sure.

Content 1. Mark any sentences that seem unnecessary or unrelated to the main idea. 2. Find six steps in paragraph one and number them 1-6. 3. Are the ingredients listed in the proper order and amounts? 4. Does the author use abbreviations? He or she should not. 5. Place a question mark beside anything you don’t understand in the paper.

A Few Other Things Don’t use decimals; use fractions. Bread is uncountable. Don’t use exclamations or questions.

I. Goals Vocabulary: modal verb real conditional unreal conditional

Definition Alexander, 14.1 What is the range of use for conditionals?

Present Real Conditional If + subject 1 + verb (present tense) [+ object 1], subject 2 + verb (future tense) [+ object 2]. If you kiss a frog, he will turn into a prince. You will likely kill someone if you continue to fire that gun. See Alexander, 14.5-14.9

Past Unreal Conditional If + subject 1 + verb (past tense) [+ object 1], subject 2 + would + infinitive [+object 2]. If I had not come to Taiwan, I wouldn’t be the embittered old man that I am today. I’m uncertain what I would do if I were he. See Alexander, 14.10-14.15

Past Perfect Unreal Conditional If + subject 1 + verb (past perfect) [+ object 1], subject 2 + would have + past participle [+ object 2]. If you had told the truth, you would not have caused this serious problem. See Alexander, 14.16-14.19

Modal Verbs “We frequently use modals when we are concerned with our relationship with someone else. We may, for example, ask for permission to do something; grant permission to someone; give or receive advice; make or respond to requests and offers, etc. we can express different levels of politeness both by the forms we choose and the way we say things” (Alexander 207)

Use of Modals Most verbs change their form in the third person singular. Example: I walk to school every day. Ralph walks to school every day. Modal verbs do not change their form. Example: I can speak German. Earl can speak German, also.

Common Modal Verbs can may will shall must ought to could might would should

Modals and Conditionals You can succeed in anything you try to do if you have enough money. (present) If we had the time, we could visit our friends. (past—though more often in the past perfect) If Professors Shu and Lin hadn’t been there, they could have avoided being arrested. (past perfect)

Exercise A: Correct the Following 1. We won’t go if you would be there. 2. We will have to stay home if the rain would have continued. 3. If she is happy with her situation, the outcome will be different. 4. If you will continue to study English, you will study this language for ten years next summer. 5. If you hadn’t been able to swim, you shouldn’t go into deep water.

Corrections 1. We won’t go if you will be there. 2. We would have had to stay home if the rain had continued. 3. If she had been happy with her situation, the outcome would have been different. 4. If you continue to study English, you will have studied this language for ten years next summer. 5. If you are unable to swim, you shouldn’t go into deep water.

Exercise B 1. If I can somehow pass tomorrow’s examination,… 2. The teacher wouldn’t have been so angry… 3. If I were very, very smart,… 4. If he hadn’t been so selfish,…

Using Conditionals in Paper 1 Topic sentence Second paragraph generally Problems in bread-making (that is, with ingredients) are essentially conditional problems. Pay attention to overstatement.

For Next Time Revise your draft and submit it to the e-course system by March 22. Look over Worksheet #5, Descriptive Writing