Pronouns Chapter 15

Case of pronouns Case is the form a noun/pronoun takes to indicate its use in a sentence. English-> 3 cases: nominative, objective, & possessive The form of the noun is the same for nominative & objective case. Nominative Case (subject) The student gave her speech Objective case (indirect object) Give the student your attention.

Case of pronouns Possessive Case Usually adding ‘s to most singular nouns I enjoyed the student’s snack. ‘ to most plural nouns I enjoyed the students’ snacks.

3rd person indicates gender

Nominative case pronouns 15a: The subject of the verb is in the nominative case. I organized the file cabinets. I is the subject of organized. Ava and she raked leaves. Ava and she is the compound subject of raked They saw that we worked hard on the project. They is the subject of saw & we is the subject of worked TIP: pronoun in a compound subject try it as a single subject to identify the proper pronoun

Nominative case pronouns 15b: A predicate nominative is in the nominative case. predicate nominative is a noun/pronoun that follows a linking verb & identifies or explains the subject of the sentence. A pronoun used as a predicate nominative always follows a form of the verb be OR a verb phrase ending in be or been.

The coach of the team is she. She: follows the linking verb is Identifies the subject coach The fastest worker has been he. He follows the linking verb has been Identifies the subject worker The third place winners were he and I. He and I follow the linking verb were Indentifies the subject winners

Finish for homework Exercise 2 and 3 Due Now questions 1-5 for Exercise 2: Using Personal Pronouns As Subjects And Predicate Nominatives Finish for homework Exercise 2 and 3

Objective case pronouns 15c a direct object and an indirect object that receives the action of the verb of shows the result of the action

Her tells whom the letter made happy. The letter made her happy. It tells what Lacey reported. Lacey reported it to the police. Direct object: a noun/pronoun receiving the action of the verb OR shows the result of the action

Indirect Object: noun/pronoun tells to whom of for whom OR to what or for what the action of the verb is done. Mr. Gamble told them a wonderful story. Them tells to whom Mr. Gamble told a wonderful story. Him tells for whom Josh brought a map. Josh brought him a map to the stadium.

15 d: Object of a preposition is in the objective case A noun/pronoun used as an object of a preposition comes at the end of a phrase that begins with the preposition Next to me Beside you and me With her Due now: exercise 4 (1-5) Homework: finish exercise 4 and do exercise 1

Possessive Case Pronouns 15e: the possessive pronouns mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, and theirs are used in the same ways that the pronouns in the nominative and objective case are used. Your book and mine are getting worn. SUBJECTIVE: Pred. Nom.: That bicycle is his. I.O. D.O. Please give ours a try. I cleaned theirs first. Object of Prep Did I put my coat under yours?

Possessive Case Pronouns 15 f: the possessive pronouns my, yours, his, her, its, our, and there are used as adjectives before the nouns My hat is ripping. His water is boiling. 15g. A noun or pronoun preceding a gerund is in the possessive case. A gerund a verb form ending in –ing and functions as a noun. The noun or pronoun that comes before the gerund must be in the possessive case. Do now: exercise 5

Special Pronoun Problems 15 h: pronouns used as appositives should be in the same case as the word they refer to. Appositive: noun/pronoun used with another noun /pronoun to identify or explain it Nominative case Apposition with the subject captains The captains, he or she, should introduce the players

Elliptical construction is a clause from which words have been omitted 15I: A pronoun following than or as in an elliptical construction is in the same case as it would be if the construction were completed. Elliptical construction is a clause from which words have been omitted Chad was much more careful on the ice than she. elliptical Chad was much more careful on the ice than she was. completed

Do now exercise 6 girls even boys odd 15j a pronoun ending in –self or –selves should not be used in place of a simple personal pronoun Wally and myself decorated the gym. NONSTANDARD Wally and I decorated the gym. STANDARD Do now exercise 6 girls even boys odd

Who and Whom Who (whoever) three case forms NOMINATIVE: who whoever OBJECTIVE: whom whomever POSSESSIVE: whose whosever 15k: Interrogative pronouns when they are used to form a question

15k: Interrogative pronouns when they are used to form a question When they are used to introduce subordinate clauses, they are relative pronouns Depends on its use in the sentence Whom is used as an object of a verb or preposition Who is used as the subject or predict nominative

Do now: exercise 7 TIP: who = he Whom =him Who wants to see the show? Who is the subject of the verb wants. TIP: who = he Whom =him Whom is the object of the preposition with? With whom did you jog?

Ambiguous reference A pronoun has no definite meaning in itself Its meaning is only clear when the reader knows what word it stands for = ANTECEDENT After Bonny sang the aria, the audience applauded her.

Our friends asked the Gores if they could show them a map Our friends asked if the Gores could show them a map. Our friends asked if they could show the map to the Gores.

Avoid general reference The pronoun refers to a general idea rather than a specific noun. Usual general reference pronouns: it, this, that, which, and such

Do now: worksheet and chapter review Nick could sing, dance, and play guitar. The judges awarded him first prize in the talent show for this. Nick could sing, dance, and play guitar. The judges awarded him first prize in the talent show for his many talents. Because Nick could sing, dance, and play guitar, the judges awarded him first prize in the talent show. Do now: worksheet and chapter review

Subject of the sentence + verb of the sentence The nominative case is the case used for a noun or pronoun which is the subject of a verb. sentence= Subject of the sentence + verb of the sentence Nominative predicate