Student: Taariq Ghansar Supervisor: Prof Bagula Smart Agriculture Internet of Things in Motion Term 2: Design Student: Taariq Ghansar Supervisor: Prof Bagula

Analysis Summary Large consumption of water in agriculture Water conservation techniques Keeping track of soil moisture through IoT sensors Sensing multiple parts of an agricultural land There is a large consumption of water. Water allocation for agriculture in South Africa is 60 percent according to the department of water affairs.

Design Contents User Interface High Level Design Low Level Design Prototype Demo Questions & Answers

User Interface

High Level Design

1. Data Collection Single Gateway Multiple Sensor Nodes Low Level Design 1. Data Collection Single Gateway Arduino Yun programmed to request & retrieve data from the Sensor Nodes. Light-weight Linux Linino OS Multiple Sensor Nodes Arduino Unos fitted with sensors to collect data on request: Soil Moisture Temperature Humidity

1. Data Collection Low Level Design ZigBee is an IEEE 802.15.4. Wireless Personal Area Network protocol. [1] Low cost, low bandwidth & low power requirements. Suitable for IoT sensor networks. ZigBee Star Topology Gateway: Coordinator Sensor Nodes: End device

Low Level Design 2. Transport Data Drone or Wi-fi access point

3. Processing + Storage Low Level Design Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is an ISO standard (ISO/IEC PRF 20922). [2][3] Broker and Clients design Simple “publish” and “subscribe” messaging model. A server model that works above the TCP/IP layers. Use Paho, a client implementation to MQTT. [4] Paho have python libraries, useful to connect and insert data into the database. Database to support the application layer. TCP – Transport Layer IP – Network Layer

3. Processing + Storage Database UML Low Level Design TCP – Transport Layer IP – Network Layer

4. Visualisation Low Level Design Create a website for user application. Retrieve data from the database of the middleware layer. Use the data to visualise line graphs. TCP – Transport Layer IP – Network Layer

Prototype Demo TCP – Transport Layer IP – Network Layer

Questions and Answers TCP – Transport Layer IP – Network Layer

References [1] Baronti, Paolo, et al. "Wireless sensor networks: A survey on the state of the art and the 802.15. 4 and ZigBee standards." Computer communications 30.7 (2007): 1655-1695. [2] Banks, A., & Gupta, R. (2014). MQTT Version 3.1. 1. OASIS standard. [3] Tantitharanukul, N., Osathanunkul, K., Hantrakul, K., Pramokchon, P., & Khoenkaw, P. (2016, December). “Mqtt-topic naming criteria of open data for smart cities.” In Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC), 2016 International (pp. 1-6). IEEE. [4] O'Leary, N. "Paho-Open source messaging for m2m." Eclipse Paho’s MQTT(2014).