WASH services, society and state in fragile contexts 13:00-14:15 Double dividends? WASH services, society and state in fragile contexts

Why WASH in fragile contexts? Source: wssinfo.org Supporting fragile states through WASH

Services for their own sake? Source: WASH Liberia Supporting fragile states through WASH

… or also to support states and societies Source: WASH Liberia Supporting fragile states through WASH

Politics matters There is nothing new in this idea But we need to understand more about How it matters: more specifically, how particular types of governance and political factors affect service delivery processes and outcomes (at sector and national level) What to do about it: The key principles and models for more effectively addressing these factors Supporting fragile states through WASH

Politics matters, especially where politics are tricky Supporting fragile states through WASH

How might WASH support peace & state-building? Source: : AFP/ Ramzi Haidir; WASH Liberia,; Barbara van Koppen; ; Barbara van Koppen; GVI; UNAMID Supporting fragile states through WASH

So far, so intuitive – but what is the evidence? ODI research with Tearfund on their WASH programmes in DRC and South Sudan Visibility: INGOs predominantly seen as service providers in all project sites Collective action: Scope for collaboration, especially around sanitation provision (CCMP, Central Equatoria) Inclusion: Who is seen to benefit from WASH services can pose conflict risks (North Kivu, Aweil) Accountability: Understanding the nature of accountability relationships between different groups is key (incl chiefs, churches) Supporting fragile states through WASH

A plausible framework? Citizen expectations and relations Collective action Visibility Opportunity Inclusion Account- ability State capacity and legitimacy Citizen expectations and relations Conditioning factors Entry points (mediating factors that can be considered at programming level) Supporting fragile states through WASH

References: Supporting fragile states through WASH Yardley (2013) Double dividends: Exploring how water, sanitation and hygiene programmes can contribute to peace- and state-building. Teddington, UK: Tearfund. http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WASH%20and%20PBSB%20policy%20FINAL%20web%20(1).pdf Pickwick (2013) Double dividends? Exploring how Tearfund’s water, sanitation and hygiene programmes in South Sudan can contribute to peace- and state-building. Humanitarian Exchange Magazine, Issue 57 May 2013. http://www.odihpn.org/humanitarian-exchange-magazine/issue-57/double-dividends-exploring-how-tearfunds-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-programmes-in-south-sudan-can-contribute-to-peace-and-state-building Wild and Mason (2012) Examining the role of WASH services within peace- and state- building processes: findings from Tearfund programmes in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of South Sudan. London: Overseas Development Institute. http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/7329-wash-conflict-fragile-states-water-governance Kooy and Wild (2012) WASH service delivery in South Sudan: Contributions to Peace building and State building. ODI research report, London: Overseas Development Institute. http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/7331-wash-conflict-water-fragile  Kooy and Bailey (2012) WASH service delivery in DRC: Contributions to peace building and state building. ODI research report, London: Overseas Development Institute. http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/7330-tearfund-water-sanitation-hygiene-service-delivery-democratic-republic-congo-contributions-peace-building-state-building Mason (2012) Relationships between water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) service delivery and peace-building and state-building: a review of the literature. ODI working paper 362, London: Overseas Development Institute. http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/7132-water-supply-sanitation-hygiene-wash-peace-state-building Supporting fragile states through WASH

Questions: 1.        How could things be done differently - tomorrow - in WASH interventions in fragile states? 2.        What are the obstacles or challenges related to WASH and peace/state building? 3.        What are the skills and capacities required within the WASH sector (donors, NGOs, governments) to enable positive impacts on peace and state building?  4.        How could WASH interventions make a smoother transition between humanitarian and development activities? Supporting fragile states through WASH

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