Chapter 12 Researching and Using Supporting Material for Your Speech Communication Embracing Difference Fourth Edition Dunn and Goodnight Chapter 12 Researching and Using Supporting Material for Your Speech This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. PowerPoint edited by Kristin Harkin Jurczak, Purdue University Calumet Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Sources of Information... Personal Experiences Adds “life” to the speech Encourages a confident delivery Engaging for the audience Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Sources of Information... Interviews Experience and knowledge from people can enhance any topic Someone with special knowledge can increase the quality of your presentation Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Finding Sources...The Library Classification Systems Dewey Decimal Traditionally public libraries Library of Congress Traditionally academic libraries Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Finding Sources...The Library Online Catalog Search by author, title, subject, or keyword The catalog will list all results and where they can be located using the classification system Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Finding Sources...The Library Books Frequently more in-depth than the content found in a newspaper or journal article More commonly, a chapter or section of a book is helpful when researching for a speech Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Finding Sources...The Library Newspapers Excellent source for current topics Articles are brief, but focused Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Finding Sources...The Library Periodicals Written sources published at regular intervals (weekly, monthly, quarterly) Magazines allow time for developing more in-depth articles than newspapers Journals contain research findings in a particular field Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Finding Sources...The Library Encyclopedias General and specialized encyclopedias Specialized include signed articles by scholars in the field and are often accompanied by biographies or references to related works Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Finding Sources...The Library Biographical Sources Accomplishments by individuals Several sources dedicated to biographies Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Finding Sources...The Library Government Publications Excellent source for current statistics Catalog of U.S. Government Publications place to start http://catalog.gpo.gov/ for online database Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Finding Sources...The Library Other Media Audiovisual sources like radio, television broadcasts, films, audio and videos Can add dramatic appeal to your speech Useful background information Require prep and practice Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Finding Sources...The Library Indexes and Databases Periodical indexes let you search for a topic in hundreds of publications at once. Larger libraries also have newspaper indexes on hand. Library computers are the quickest way to search these sources. Oftentimes, a full text resource is available online as well. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Using the Internet Using Email Utilizing your college email account, you can request information from experts in the field or others with experience with your topic Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Using the Internet Verifying Credible Websites Who is the source? How old is the information? Is the information verifiable somewhere else? Is an email or other contact information provided? Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Citing Sources Enhance credibility in your speech Unethical to omit mentioning whose ideas you are borrowing Oral citation – Giving credit orally in your speech Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Forms of Support for Your Speech… Examples Factual example Something you have observed Grows out of your own experience Hypothetical example Asks the audience to imagine a situation Effective in capturing audience’s attention Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Forms of Support for Your Speech… Anecdotes and Stories Brief narratives and stories Helps personalize your ideas Put a human face on an issue Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Forms of Support for Your Speech… Statistics People can conceptualize ideas presented in numerical terms Things seem real when quantified Use statistics properly and understand Median Mean Mode Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Forms of Support for Your Speech… Authoritative Opinion Including an expert opinion adds credibility When using, verify: Qualified source Source is unbiased Accurately quote or paraphrase Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Forms of Support for Your Speech… Comparisons Analogy Compares the features of two seemingly different objects or situations Similies Similies compare similar objects using the words “like” or “as” Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Forms of Support for Your Speech… Definition When your speech includes jargon or technical terms, define those terms using language that is more appropriate Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Presentational Aids… Graphs Helpful when presenting statistics Line Graph Pie Graph Bar Graph Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Presentational Aids… Drawings Help the audience better understand your topic Provides visual explanation Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Presentational Aids… Movies and Video Can stir the emotions of the audience Engaging for the audience Mechanics involved require preparation and practice Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Presentational Aids… Photographs Photographs can capture an emotion, an attitude, or a special image Be sure the photographs are large enough for everyone in the audience to see Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Presentational Aids… Your Body Help to explain an important point in your speech Can help reduce excess tension Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Presentational Aids… Computer Generated Charts, graphs, diagrams, pictures, and many other aids can be produced using computer software Do not get carried away Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Using Presentational Aids Be sure the aids enhance your presentation Speak directly to the audience, not the aid Should be visible to entire audience Keep size of room in mind Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.