Computers & operating systems Unit 1

Objectives Describe the importance of computers in daily life Explain the difference between system software and application software Describe the four major types of operating systems Identify the tasks an operating system performs Start a computer Use an operating system and start an application Lock and shut down a computer

The Importance of Computers Computers are everywhere What parts of your daily life use computers? Listening to music Using an ATM Changing the temperature In the car (cruise control, attaching to module to troubleshoot) Restaurant to input the order Store POS Control robot in factory

Activity- Computer History Timeline In groups of 2, make a computer history timeline of events Use the online timeline maker Mark at least 10 significant events Use your own words to describe Include a picture 70’s, 80’s, 90’s, 2000’s, 2010’s

Brief Computer History I 1821 Charles Babbage “Father of Computing” Steam-powered calculator 40’s ENIAC Size of a city block Used for military Less powerful than our phones 76-77 Apple I & II Computer Jobs & Wozniak 1st user-friendly PC The term personal computer refers to a computer designed to be used by one person at a time.

Brief Computer History II 1981 IBM PC released Bill Gates worked for IBM Used DOS $3500 80’s Clones IBM sold design to companies Clones/compatibles released IBM PC- Disk Drive storage- enough space for 42 text files, 56 VERY LOW res photos, and not even a half an mp3 song! Display- monochrome green; could hook up to TV for color; Weight- about 60lbs!

Review- 3Q Who created the first user-friendly computer? Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak What term describes a computer design made available to other manufacturers? Compatible or clone What company was responsible for allowing compatible computers to happen? IBM

What is a Computer? Receives data (INPUT), processes data, stores data, produces a result (OUTPUT) Computer includes: Hardware Software Peripherals In this lesson, you will begin to broaden your vision of the word computer to include many things that process and store information, including people. In fact, the word computer, in older dictionaries, is defined as a person who makes calculations. Bottom Picture: Identify HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, INPUT, OUTPUT

Information Processing Cycle Scan an item (Receives data INPUT), processes data (INTERNALLY), outputs information (ON MONITOR/RECEIPT), stores data (HD)

Types of Software Software provides way to interact with hardware through an interface GUI- Graphical User Interface Icons Windows & Mac OS CLI- Command Line Interface Type text commands DOS

System and Application Software System Software Runs & manages the computer Runs other software OS & Utility programs Application Software Used to complete a task or create something

Comparing Software Operating System Application Software Purpose Role in a computer system Typical Tasks Examples

Comparing Software- ANSWERS Operating System Application Software Purpose Operates & controls hardware and runs application software Provides a service and/or information to the user Role in a computer system Coordinates everything (users, hardware, application software) Performs specific tasks based on user input Typical Tasks Monitors hardware, manages resources, processes data, controls input/output Creates documents, etc. Provides entertainment Displays photos Examples Windows Mac OS Android Word (word processing) Photoshop (graphic editing) Chrome (web browser)

PC Operating Systems Single user Multitasking Windows, Mac OS, Linux Windows runs on most worldwide Windows & Mac are proprietary Can’t change OS code Linux is free & open- source Many versions of Linux (Fedora, Ubuntu, etc.)

Mobile Operating Systems Smartphone or Tablet Simpler & smaller than PC OS iOS, Android, Windows

Embedded Operating Systems Runs on ATMs, GPS, Media Players, Video Recorders Included in hardware Performs a specific task You don’t interact with it You just provide input Embedded OS provides output May be specialized versions of Windows, Java, Linux, Android, etc. Microwaves, DVRs, etc.

Network Operating System (NOS) Runs on a server Manages a network & provides services Email, file storage, printing, etc. Server provides a network service to clients Clients run their own OS (Windows, Mac OS) Controls access & maintains security Windows Server, Mac OS Server, UNIX, Linux

Review- Q

Start-up Steps BIOS performs POST BIOS passes boot instructions to RAM Checks CPU, RAM, Video BIOS passes boot instructions to RAM OS located on HD, loaded into RAM C: Drive Login BIOS is software stored in ROM/flash memory chip. Check Hardware ROM passes boot instructions to RAM Find OS on the Hard Drive Run OS & load into RAM

Controlling Hardware Driver Usually driver is found automatically Software enables OS to interact with device Usually driver is found automatically This is called Plug and Play If not, install with provided software

Ending a Computer Session Option Description SHUT DOWN Completely turns off PC RESTART Closes apps & resets OS SIGN OUT Closes apps, OS still running, allows someone else to log in SWITCH USERS Apps & OS still running, another user can log in; they can’t access your apps or date LOCK Apps & OS still running; locked until you sign back in SLEEP / HIBERNATE Apps & OS still running but in a low-power state

Activity- Choose One 1 2 3 Group of 3 Evaluate Operating Systems Create a checklist of Price, Ease of Use, Application Software Availability, Security, and Built-in Tools Make a Table of Results Individual Record Activities How often do you interact with an OS and how much do you use Application Software? Keep a log of 5 days worth Record device, what you are doing, how long, whether you are using OS or Application Estimate percentage of time using each with a pie chart Which method should you choose to end a computer session? Indicate method and explain why for each situation Performance Assessment; Lab Project

Computers & operating systems Unit 1