BELLWORK : 8/16-17/12 Think of a question that you could answer through an experiment: What is the question? How would you setup the experiment?

Introduction to Science 1 – The Nature of Science 2 – The Way Science Works 3 – Organizing Data

Online Textbook Access Go to URL http://my.hrw.com Username rcsps Password rutherford

1 – The Nature of Science

Key Terms Science – Knowledge obtained by observing natural events and conditions to learn facts, principles, laws Technology – Application of science for practical purposes Law – A descriptive statement or equation that predicts events under certain conditions Theory – System of ideas explaining related observations and supported by evidence

How Science Takes Place A scientist may perform experiments to find a new aspect of the natural world, to explain a known phenomenon, to check the results of other experiments, or to test predictions of current theories Examples – New materials for computer chips that make processing speeds/phones more advanced

How Science Takes Place Examples – TVs were built after the early cathode ray tubes were developed in the late 19th century

Scientists Experiment Answer questions by investigating Sometimes these are old questions, sometimes new Often, questions arise from observations Investigate by designing/conducting experiments Experimental results are confirmed ( repetition )

Observe

Branches of Science Natural Science: Biological, Physical, Earth

Working Together Different branches of science work together, along with technology Example: Applying newer computer-chip materials into actual designs ( Razr, self-cooled labtops )

Laws & Theories – Always Tested Laws allow predictions to be made about how a system will behave under given conditions GRAVITY Theories explain HOW a process takes place PLATE TECTONICS

Models Mathematics is useful to describe events Gravity has an equation

Models Models can represent physical events Used in daily life Hurricane trajectories Weather predictions

Which popcorn is the better deal? BELLWORK : 8/20/12 Which popcorn is the better deal?

Last Week Discussed the fundamental nature of science Also worked on observation skills Anyone observe something interesting over the weekend?

Introduction to Science 1 – The Nature of Science 2 – The Way Science Works 3 – Organizing Data

2 – The Way Science Works

Science Skills Identifying problems Planning experiments Recording observations Correctly reporting data

Critical Thinking Involves asking questions, making observations, and using logic Surprise!!

Which popcorn is the better deal? Discuss BELLWORK : 8/20/12 Which popcorn is the better deal? Discuss

Units of Measurement In your notes, list 5 you can think of. Do these relate to length, mass, weight, time, volume

Units of Measurement Scientists use standard units of measure – SI System Meters, grams, Seconds

Units of Measurement SI ( System Internationale ) used for consistency Prefixes allow for easy converting EXAMPLES: m  km kg  g seconds  milliseconds

Exit Pass – Unit Conversions Study Guide – Pg 3 Problem 3 Remaining Time – Problems 1, 5 & 6

Bellwork – 08/21/12 Study Guide – Pg 3 Problem 3 Finished? – Questions 1, 5 & 6

Help with # 1, pg 3 Microscopes – magnify ( make larger ) small objects Telescopes – magnify objects far away Radio telescope – detect radio waves from objects Spectroscopes – separate light into a rainbow Ruler – finds length

Key Terms Variable – A factor changing in an experiment Length – Measure of the straight-line distance between two points Volume – The space occupied by an object Mass – Amount of matter in an object Weight – Amount of gravitational force on object

Scientific Method – Use Colors!! Notice there is more than time where you observe

Are They The Same? Are they the same? - Hypothesis How can we test your hypothesis?

Bellwork – 8/23/12 Study Guide Finish pg. 3 - #2 , #4

Introduction to Science 1 – The Nature of Science 2 – The Way Science Works 3 – Organizing Data

Presenting Scientific Data Scientists use written reports and oral presentations To share results Organizing/Presenting this info is important

Line Graphs Show continuous changes Time : Independent Variable (x-axis) Doesn’t DEPEND on anything Gas Volume : Dependent Variable (y-axis) Depends on something else

Demonstration Gas-Producing Reaction Lots of gas at first, then slows down Adding Vinegar to Baking Soda makes CO2

Bar Graphs Compares similar data for different items or events

Pie Chart Graphs Shows parts of a whole ( or parts of 100% )

Lab Activity – Motion Graphing If we do not take this seriously or respect the equipment, we will not use this setup again

Lab Activity – Motion Graphing Each group goes to their station One person logs into network/labtop Open Logger Pro Software Open file “01a Graph Matching”

Procedure Collect data by hitting green “Collect” button You will hear Motion Detector “clicking” You will also see data collected an graph

Lab Activities Turn the detector on and stand still in front of it What do you see on a distance vs. time graph? Repeat the test but slowly move away from the detector What do you see?

Lab Activities Turn the detector on and move back and forth in front of it ( get far away, move closer ) What do you see on a distance vs. time graph?

GRADE - Graph Setup a graph of distance vs time for a person What would it look like if someone is moving away from these detectors at constant speed? What type of graph is this ( line, bar, pie chart )?

Bellwork - 08/27/12 What does it mean to be precise? QUIZ – Thursday ( 6th ) and Friday

Precision & Accuracy Precision: the exactness of a measurement Accuracy: how close a measurement is to the true value

Applying Precision - Accuracy Scientists use significant figures to show precision of a measured quantity Significant figure: Prescribed decimal place determining the amount of rounding-off when assessing the precision of a measurement Round your answers to the correct significant figures

LAB Activity - GRADE Get 50 points for participation If I see not participating in one way or the other – less than 50 points Document on Projector Screen ( 1 / group )

Bellwork - 08/29/12 Think of the paper-wad toss we did yesterday. Would it be accurate, precise, neither, both in the following situation? 4 made it in the basket, 1 landed far away QUIZ – Thursday ( 6th ) and Friday ( 3rd, 5th, 7th )

Significant Figures – Counting Rules ALL non-zero digits are Significant Leading and trailing zeros are not significant 2500 and 0.000036 have TWO Significant Figures Zeros in between Non-Zeros are significant 2501 and 2003 have FOUR Significant Figures Zeros after a decimal point ARE SIGNIFICANT They do not begin the number 25.00 and 15.10 have FOUR Significant Figures

Chpt 1 Quiz Key Terms Scientific method Branches of science Metric conversions units (length - meters, mass - grams, time - sec) Types of graphs Precision and accuracy

Significant Figures – Adding/Subtracting The answer cannot have more decimal places than the least number of decimal places in the calculation Add 15.1 to 3 The answer is 18

Bellwork – 08/25/16 Write 250,000 in scientific notation

Scientific Notation Earlier examples with TWO Significant Figures: 2500 and 0.000036 Want to reduce number of characters by: Move decimal to get a number between 1 and 10 Multiply by a power of 10 to end up with same value Retain the same number of significant figures

Scientific Notation Earlier examples with TWO Significant Figures: 2500 and 0.000036 Becomes ( but they are the same number ): 2.5 x 103 3.6 x 10-5

Scientific Notation How to write this out: 2500 ( have to move 3 places to left)  2.5 0.000036 ( have to move 5 right )  3.6 Positive or Negative Exponent on Power of 10? 2.5 x 103 : 2.5 is SMALLER than original 2500 3.6 x 10-5 : 3.6 is LARGER than original 0.000036

Study Guides – Pg. 4 Do entire page ( Take home, study this and notes ) Look at/Work through Pretest to study also When done ask for Unit Conversions worksheet back Correct/Finish Worksheet

Unit Conversion/Scientific Method Worksheets Improve your work ( finish blanks / correct mistakes ) Show work on separate piece of paper No work – grade stays the same Something similar will be for homework next time