CHEM 106 The Periodic Table and Atoms / Ions.

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Presentation transcript:

CHEM 106 The Periodic Table and Atoms / Ions

CHEMISTRY of Atoms / Ions Atomic Number = 12 (atom’s identity) Atomic Mass = 24 12 protons; # neutrons = 24 - 12 neutral atom has 12 electrons Ion contains 10 electrons: symbol? 12 p+ + 10e- = +2

CHEMISTRY of Atoms / Ions Atomic Number = 17 (atom’s identity) Atomic Mass = ? # protons = ? ; # neutrons = ? neutral atom has ? electrons Ion contains 18 electrons: symbol? 17 p+ + 18e- = -1

Ions Cation: A positive ion Mg2+ Anion: A negative ion Cl Ionic Bonding: Force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

QUESTION Calcium plays several critical roles in the functioning of human cells. However, this form of calcium is the ion made with 20 protons and 18 electrons. Therefore the ion would be… positive and called an anion. positive and called a cation. negative and called an anion. negative and called a cation.

Answer Calcium plays several critical roles in the functioning of human cells. However, this form of calcium is the ion made with 20 protons and 18 electrons. Therefore the ion would be… positive and called an anion. positive and called a cation. negative and called an anion. negative and called a cation. An atom of calcium (20 protons = 20+) which has lost two electrons (now with 18–). The ion would have a +2 charge. Positive ions are called cations.

QUESTION Of the following, which would NOT qualify as an isotope of 35Cl? 36Cl 35Cl– 37Cl– 37Cl

Answer Of the following, which would NOT qualify as an isotope of 35Cl? 36Cl 35Cl– 37Cl– 37Cl B. has the same number of neutrons as the atom in the question, therefore it does not fit the criteria for isotopes (i.e. different number of neutrons with the same proton number). Isotopes can be ions as well as neutral atoms. 37Cl– and 37Cl are also not a pair of isotopes.

Worksheet: Atoms/Ions Circle isotopes of each other and link them with a double headed arrow.

Which of these species has the highest number of electrons? QUESTION Which of these species has the highest number of electrons? A) 20Ca B) 19K+ C) 16S2− D) 15P3−

Which of these species has the highest number of electrons? Answer Which of these species has the highest number of electrons? A) 20Ca B) 19K+ C) 16S2− D) 15P3−

QUESTION The ion 45Sc3+ has A) 24 electrons, 21 protons and 24 neutrons B) 18 electrons, 21 protons and 24 neutrons C) 24 electrons, 24 protons and 21 neutrons D) 18 electrons, 24 protons and 21 neutrons

Answer The ion 45Sc3+ has A) 24 electrons, 21 protons and 24 neutrons B) 18 electrons, 21 protons and 24 neutrons C) 24 electrons, 24 protons and 21 neutrons D) 18 electrons, 24 protons and 21 neutrons