Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Atoms and Elements Chemistry Honors Unit 02 Based on the PowerPoints by Kevin Boudreux. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Lesson 2 Index The Atomic Theory Today The Atom and the Subatomic Particles Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Isotopes Atomic Symbols Ions Hyphen notation of isotopes Nuclear notation of isotopes Isotope Examples Tutorials EPN Tutorials - Isotopes Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

The Atomic Theory Today An atom is an electrically neutral, spherical entity composed of a positively charged central nucleus surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons. The nucleus contains about 99.7% of the atom’s mass, but occupies 1 ten-trillionth of its volume. The nucleus contains the protons, which have positive charges, and neutrons, which are neutral. Neutrons are very slightly heavier than protons; protons are 1835 times heavier than electrons. The electrons (e-) surrounding the nucleus have negative charges. The number of protons in the nucleus equals the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus in a neutral atom. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Modern Atomic Theory All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms of one element differ in properties from atoms of another element. Atoms are divisible into smaller particles called subatomic particles A given element is made up of atoms with different masses. (Isotopes) Chemical reaction involves only the combination, separation, or rearrangement of atoms. Compounds are formed by the combination of atoms in small whole number ratios. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

The Atom and the Subatomic Particles Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

The Atom and the Subatomic Particles Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Isotopes What makes elements different from one another is the number of protons in their atoms, called the atomic number (Z). All atoms of the same element contain the same number of protons. The mass number (A) is the sum of the number of protons (Z) and neutrons (N) in the nucleus of an atom: A = Z + N Isotopes of an element have the same atomic number, but different #’s of neutrons. Isotopes of an element have nearly identical chemical behavior. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Atomic Number (z) Summarized Symbol = z Number of protons (+). On periodic table. # of protons determines the element (Add a proton to oxygen it becomes fluorine – nuclear reactions only) For a neutral atom, # electrons = # protons Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Mass Number (A) Abridged Version Total number of protons and neutrons. Not on the periodic table. Determines the isotope. A = #neutrons + #protons #neutrons = A - #protons bigger number Close to the mass of the isotope. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Atomic Symbols The atomic symbol specifies information about the nuclear mass (i.e. the mass number), atomic number, and the charge on a particular element. Every element has a one- or two-letter symbol based on its English or Latin name. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Sometimes referred to as nuclear notation or isotopic notation. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Ions Neutral atoms have the same numbers of electrons as protons. In many chemical reactions, atoms gain or lose electrons to form charged particles called ions. For example, sodium loses one electron, resulting in a particle with 11 protons and 10 electrons, having a +1 charge: Positively charged ions are called cations. Fluorine gains one electron, resulting in a particle with 9 protons and 10 electrons, having a -1 charge: Negatively charged ions are called anions. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Hyphen notation of isotopes “isotope” hyphen “mass number” Isotope-A Carbon-12 Oxygen-18 Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Nuclear or Isotopic Notation of Isotopes A= mass # Z=atomic # X=element Big number on top. Carbon-14 Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Important Facts about Subatomic Particles # of electrons determines the charge of the atom #e- = #p+ Charge is zero (neutral) #e- > #p+ (greater than) Charge is negative. #e- < #p+ (less than) Charge is positive. # of protons determines what element it is. # of protons and neutrons determines the mass of the atom. (Since electron’s mass ~0) An electron and proton can combine to form a neutron and vice versa. (nuclear reactions only) A neutron has the most mass. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

How to Determine the Number of e-, p+ & n #p+ = atomic # If charge = 0, then #p+ = #e- #e- = #p+ - charge #e- - reason it out – Who’s wining? By how much? charge = #p+ - #e- #n = A – Z (mass # - atomic #) Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Example How many protons? Electrons? Ca Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Example How many protons? electrons? Mg2+ Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Examples How many electrons? F- Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Example How many protons? electrons? P3- Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Your Turn How many protons? Electrons? Mg Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Your Turn How many protons? Electrons? Li Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Your Turn How many protons? Electrons? Cu Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Your Turn How many protons? electrons? K+ Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Your Turn How many protons? electrons? S2- Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Example How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does carbon-14 have? (A=14) Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms #Neutrons How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does neon-22 have? (A=22) Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Your turn How many neutrons does oxygen-18 have? (A=18) Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Your turn How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does Silicon-30 have? (A=30) Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Your turn Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons of Boron-12. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Hyphen notation examples Put in hyphen notation A nuclide of fluorine has 9 protons and 10 neutrons. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Hyphen notation of isotopes “isotope” hyphen “mass number” Isotope-A Carbon-12 Oxygen-18 Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Hyphen notation examples Put in hyphen notation A nuclide of calcium has a mass number of 44 and an atomic number of 20. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Hyphen notation examples Put in hyphen notation A nuclide of nickel has a 28 protons and 32 neutrons. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Your turn Put in hyphen notation A nuclide of arsenic has an atomic number of 33 and a mass number of 75 Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Your turn Put in hyphen notation An unknown nuclide has a 30 protons and 34 neutrons. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Your turn Put in hyphen notation A nuclide has a 37 protons and 48 neutrons. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Nuclear or Isotopic Notation of Isotopes A= mass # Z=atomic # X=element Big number on top. Carbon-14 Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Nuclear notation Examples Put in nuclear notation. A nuclide has 8 protons and 8 neutrons. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Nuclear notation Examples Put in nuclear notation. A nuclide has a mass number of 130 and an atomic number of 56. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Nuclear notation Examples Determine the number of electrons, neutrons, and protons of: Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Your turn Determine the number of electrons, neutrons, and protons of: Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Your turn Determine the number of electrons, neutrons, and protons of: Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Your turn Put in nuclear notation. Tin-113 Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Your turn Put in nuclear notation. A nuclide has 27 protons, 30 neutrons, and 24 electrons. Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Tutorials EPN Tutorials on how to find the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4v1_Qj60a8&feature=youtu.be http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4WZ0-fItt8 Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms

Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms Tutorials - Isotopes Tutorials for writing the isotopes in hyphen notation or nuclear (isotopic) notation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYiu0kIWd30 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8oBedASNVxg&feature=c4-overview&list=UUVdtS_cnwkNuP6fGs4efTEw Honors Unit 02 Lesson 02: The Structure of Atoms