Dairy Farming History

1814 Shorthorns introduced by Samuel Marsden

1840’s Shorthorn herds

1882 First Refrigerated Ship Dunedin

Shorthorn Herds Early Milking Parlour

Improved hygiene conditions

1886 - Pasteurization

1890’s Creamery System Tuakau Creamery

1884 to 1892 Transport to Dairy Factories

Pigs Fed Whey

1930’s and 1940’s Cream cans were collected each day by a cream truck

1951 Whole milk collected by milk tanker

Dairy Factories Year Dairy Factories 1884 20 1920’s 240 1940’s 230 1884 20 1920’s 240 1940’s 230 1950’s 220 1960’s 100 1970’s 90 1983 36 1990’s 4 - New Zealand Dairy Group - Kiwi Co-operative Dairies - Westland Milk products - Tatua Co-operative Dairy Company 2008 3 remain - Fonterra Co-operative Group - Westland Milk Products 2015 now increased to 7 - Miraka - Open Country Dairy - Synlait - Oceania

Modern Transport

1893 First Vacuum Pump Milking Machine

Walk Through Shed

1950s Herringbone Shed Invented

Yards

1960’s Rotary Sheds

2007 First Robotic Milker in New Zealand

Dairy Cow Numbers

1848 Aryshire introduced to New Zealand

1862 Jersey introduced

1960’s Friesian became the most popular dairy breed

Present - Kiwi Crosses Friesian Jersey Cross

Herd Testing 1909 - Beginning of herd testing Modern Herd Testing 2013/14 - 67% of national dairy cows were tested Milk analysis Milk solids (fat and protein) Somatic cell count Average test (266 days of milking) 4,480 litres of milk 212 kg of milkfat (4.74%) 170 kg milk protein (3.80%) 383 kg milk solids (8.54%)

1950’s Sire Proving Scheme

Artificial Insemination 3 million inseminations each year

Price of Milk Approximately1 kg pasture to produce 1kg milk. Mature cows eat about 17-20kg of pasture/day and drink 50 L water. Cost to produce 1 kg of milksolids is $5.17. 2013/ 14 NZ dairy farmers were paid $8.47 per kg of milksolids 2014/15 it is $4.60 per kg of milksolids.

1930’s Electric Fencing Invented

Dairy Farming in 2014 Farms Average farm size 144 ha Waikato and Bay of Plenty 28% Taranaki 10% Northland 6% South Island 39% Average farm size 144 ha Stocking rate 2.8 cows/ha 12,000 milking herds Average herd size 413 cows

Dairy Exports New Zealand produces 35% of worlds trade in dairy products 95 % dairy products exported 2014 $13.7 billion

Dairy Products

Silage

Rearing Heifer Calves