Biome and Cycles of Matter Review

What items of things Cycle? Everything! Conservation of matter nothing in the Earth’s Ecosystems is lost or destroyed…just converted to different forms What are the cycles discussed in Chapter 19? Water Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorous

The Water Cycle Be able to label this or another picture of the water cycle

Where do Animals get Oxygen? Respiration O2 + GLUCOSE  CO2 + H20 + ATP

Why do animals need Carbon? It’s a building block for the matter that makes up the bodies of living things Remember PLANC Proteins Lipids ATP Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates These building blocks of life are all made of CARBON ORGANIC = CARBON CONTAINING Molecules

Where do plants get Carbon? Plants (producers) take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis CO2 + H2O + SUNLIGHT-------> GLUCOSE AND O2

Where do animals get Carbon? Producers (plants) make sugars during photosynthesis CO2 + H2O + SUNLIGHT-------> GLUCOSE AND O2 The plants (and therefore the sugar molecules) are eaten by animals

Carbon Cycle Be able to label this picture or another picture of the carbon cycle

Where do animals get Nitrogen? From the plants (or animals) they eat Notice in the cycle how Nitrogen (N) is in different forms (N2, NO3-, NH4+)

Nitrogen Cycle Why do organisms need Nitrogen? Proteins and DNA both contain nitrogen Be able to label this or another picture of the Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle (cont) How does nitrogen get converted from the nitrogen in the air (N2 gas) to the nitrogen we can use? Nitrogen Fixation Performed by certain bacteria that live in bumps (nodules) on roots of certain plants (legumes) The relationship between bacteria and the plant is what type? Mutualism…both benefit! bacteria feed on sugars in plant, plant gets nitrogen in usable form)

Think on this… What happened to Mt. St. Helens’ in 1980? The volcano erupted What happened to Yellowstone park in 1988? A fire raged through the park What happened to these ecosystem communities after these natural events? Plant and animal species returned

Succession The series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time Primary Succession= Occurs where no ecosystem previously existed Secondary Succession= Occurs after a disturbance in an existing ecosystem

Primary Succession At first there is NO soil…just rock The 1st species to populate the area are called what? Pioneer Species….lichens and mosses…can grow anywhere Pioneer Species can break down rock…provide nutrients…. Weeds and grasses take root….then trees and shrubs…and so on…

Primary Succession (cont) Where might this occur? A new island formed by the eruption of an undersea volcano Area of rock uncovered by melting ice sheet After violent volcanic eruption (ground covered in ash and rock)

Secondary Succession A series of changes that occur in an existing ecosystem Occurs much more rapidly than primary succession When might this occur? After natural disasters such-fire (Yellowstone), hurricane, tornado After human activities-farming, logging, mining

What is a Biome? A major community of organisms A group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms Climate is determined by what? Temperature and Rainfall

What are the Land Biomes we’ve studied? Temperate Deciduous Forest Coniferous Forest (Taiga) Tropical Rain Forest Grasslands Savanna (compared to grassland closer to equator and more rain…scattered shrubs and trees) Desert Tundra

Tropical Rain Forest Warm temperatures Lots of precipitation all year Source: World Meteorological Organization Warm temperatures Lots of precipitation all year A lot of diversity in plant and animals species Know how to read a graph

Grassland/Savanna Primary plant life is grass What is the difference between a grassland and savanna? compared to grassland a savanna is closer to equator….more rain… scattered shrubs and trees

Desert Low precipitation Deserts get cold at night Tucson, Arizona Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration Low precipitation Deserts get cold at night

Temperate Deciduous Forest Deciduous trees shed leaves and grow new ones Hot summers and cold winters

Taiga Located in cooler more northern climates Source: Environment Canada Banff, Canada Taiga Located in cooler more northern climates Trees are conifers (needle-like)

Freshwater Biomes What is one important abiotic factor in freshwater biomes? How quickly water moves. Animal species must learn to adapt to the fast moving water (or be washed away) Example Freshwater Biomes Ponds Lakes Streams Rivers Marshes Swamps

Saltwater Biomes Also called Marine Biomes ¾ of the Earth is covered in salt water Examples: Intertidal Zone (tidepool)…the shoreline…organisms are covered/uncovered regularly…find barnacles, snails, crabs, conchs, sea grasses, sea stars Coral Reefs

Estuary Area where freshwater from streams and rivers spills into the ocean Saltwater and freshwater always mixing…plants and animals have to survive this. NUTRIENT RICH environment…large numbers plankton…food for other animals Example: GEORGIA SALT MARSH

THE END Good luck on the test!