A goal without a plan is just a wish. Wednesday, January 4th Pg. 76 RTW: A goal without a plan is just a wish. Antoine de Saint-Exupery French writer (1900 - 1944)   What is your New Year’s resolution and how do you plan to achieve it? (List steps)

Objective: Learn what makes up a coral reef and what types of factors affect it’s productivity. Agenda: New ISN pages Notes on seasonal effects, succession, and climate pg. 77 Homework: None 

New ISN page numbers Gems of Wisdom: pg. 74 Table of Contents: pg. 75 Unit 8: Marine Populations and Organism Interactions

Succession = the process by which a plant or animal community successively gives way to another until a stable climax is reached. Can be seen with Coral reefs Island formation (hot spot theory) Hydrothermal vents

Types of Reefs Fringing = near a land mass (the youngest) Barrier = The reef is farther away from land. It has a channel of water in b/w. Atoll = Formed only when an island sinks. Looks like a horseshoe shape and it rises out of the water with a lagoon in the middle. (Darwin’s Theory)

Island formation Lava- Short Film

Hydrothermal Vents = cracks in the seafloor formed when tectonic plates spread apart, which spew out hot, mineral-rich water from the interior of the earth As the plate moves away from the crack, the vents experience succession. These vents and their communities are ephemeral: Just as easily as they are created by the spreading of the earth’s plates, they are just as easily closed off.  Once the mineral-rich water is gone, so are the bacteria, causing many of the species inhabiting the vent (including tube worms) to go locally extinct.

Hydrothermal Vents Bill Nye

Pg. 76 RTW: What is ecological succession? What are some examples? Thursday, January 6th Pg. 76 RTW: What is ecological succession? What are some examples? Objective: I will be able to discuss characteristics of populations, such as number of individuals, age structure, density, and pattern of distribution. Agenda: Penguin Carrying Capacity Activity (pg.78) Homework: None 

You are now a penguin Collect fish in order to survive You may have a disadvantage (missing leg or another mouth to feed) You must travel from the back of the room to the front to collect your food Your “stomach” remains at the back of the room and you must bring the fish to it.

Penguin Carrying Capacity Calculate how much food you collected Yellow cards represent fish = 1 lb of food Red cards represent krill = 0.1 lb of food Blue cards represent squid = 0.1 lb of food Did you survive? Each penguin needs 6.7 lbs of food! Fill in handout based off activity and observations

Pg. 78 RTW: What controls the size of a population? Friday, January 6th Pg. 78 RTW: What controls the size of a population? Objective: Learn what makes up a coral reef and what types of factors affect it’s productivity. Agenda: Finish Notes (pg. 79) Homework: None 

Population Density & Growth Pg. 79

There are three types of dispersion Clumped

Uniform

Random

Survivorship Curves A survivorship curve is a diagram showing the number of surviving members over time from a measured set of births.

Types of Survivorship Curves Type I: low level of infant mortality and an older population common to large mammals and humans Type II: survivorship rate is equal at all stages of life common to birds and reptiles Type III: very high birth rate, very high infant mortality common to invertebrates and plants

Population Growth The size of a population is always changing. Four factors affect the size of a population. immigration births emigration deaths

Population growth is based on available resources. Exponential growth is a rapid population increase due to an abundance of resources. lionfish

Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals in a population that the environment can support. A population crash is a dramatic decline in the size of a population over a short period of time.

Ecological factors limit population growth. Logistic growth is due to a population facing limited resources. A limiting factor is something that keeps the size of a population down.

Density-dependent limiting factors are affected by the number of individuals in a given area. predation competition parasitism and disease