Blockchain Infrastructure for e-Science http://ebloc.org Can Özturan Dept. of Computer Engineering and TETAM Bogazici University, Istanbul ozturaca@boun.edu.tr http://www.cmpe.boun.edu.tr/ http://www.tetam.boun.edu.tr/

Objective of the talk Invite to collaborate on building a blockchain infrastructure for e-Science based on the open source Ethereum Smart Contract Platform

Blockchain Technologies Peer-to-peer infrastructures (Bitcoin, Ethereum,..) Decentralized trustless protocol No need for central authority Incentive driven ecosystem Maintains a ledger (blockchain) of transactions among a distributed network of computers Based on cryptography which allows secure transactions to be performed by the users Solves double spending problem Employs consensus algorithm for reaching consensus about the current state of the blockchain Value/tokens/ownership can be tracked and exchanged without requiring a central point of control Nodes (miners) verify transactions. They perform proof of work. In return, they win rewards and collect transaction fees. 51% attack may occur if 51% of hash power is held by one party.

TRADITIONAL SERVICES servers Users/programs

BLOCKHAIN CAN ALSO BE VIEWED AS AN OPEN, HISTORICAL AND LIVE DATABASE servers BLOCKCHAIN Users/programs blocks appear roughly every 12-20 secs on ethereum

Blockchain for E-Science Cluster computers, data, sensors, software, researchers, organizations, centers etc. can be represented as a contract entity on the blockchain BLOCKCHAIN data user user user user user cluster sensor cluster cluster cluster cluster software Center A Center B Center C

A simple smart contract example (example not tested, correctness not verified) pragma solidity ^0.4.0; contract ClusterMachine { address public owner; mapping (address => uint) public balances; uint public totalcorehours ; modifier owneronly { if (msg.sender != owner) { throw ; } _ ; // constructor function ClusterMachine() { owner = msg.sender ; totalcorehours = 365*24 ; function assigncorehours(address addr,uint numcorehours) public owneronly { if (totalcorehours >= numcorehours ) { totalcorehours -= numcorehours ; balances[addr] += numcorehours ; } function getcorebalance(address addr) public returns (uint retval) { return(balances[addr]) ; function transfer(uint amount, address dest) public { if (balances[msg.sender] >= amount ) { balances[msg.sender] -= amount ; balances[dest] += amount ;

Aim: Build a Blockchain Infrastructure for e-Science Have each center / university / group / person run a single node Use open/free source Ethereum code (geth, parity) Even a cheap desktop can be used for running a node Overall, we need many nodes (a few hundreds, the more the better). So we need to convince a few hundred researchers, universities, centers to run a node. Almost no money needed for investment (an unused desktop can also be used). But, in return we get a highly valuable blockchain infrastructure on which we can easily implement many useful things: auditing, evaluation, resource managers, sharing economy, virtual organizations, citation networks etc. Blockchain can also be viewed as an open historical and live database: Data analytics can be performed on this live data. It can complement existing European efforts and help these efforts to get more widespread adoption, e.g. by facilitating communities that always exist on the blockchain.

eBloc ( http://ebloc.org ) Please join our efforts to build a blockchain infrastructure for eScience by running a node Contact: ozturaca@boun.edu.tr