Kayhan Parsi, JD, PhD Professor and Graduate Program Director

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Presentation transcript:

“Beyond the Four Principles: An Overview of Bioethics Theories” Bioethics Honors Program Boot Camp Kayhan Parsi, JD, PhD Professor and Graduate Program Director Neiswanger Institute for Bioethics Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine

How do we make ethical decisions? Personal morality Religious traditions Professional ethics Ethical Theories

Focus on Ethical Theories Giving Reasons Universalization Impartiality Reasonableness Civility Pence G. Medical Ethics: Accounts of Ground-Breaking Cases (McGraw-Hill, 2015)

Fallacious Reasoning Slippery Slope Ad hominem Straw person/red herring Post hoc Appeal to authority Appeal to feelings Ad populum False dichotomy Begging the question Pence G. Medical Ethics: Accounts of Ground-Breaking Cases (McGraw-Hill, 2015)

Consequentialism Focus on consequences Maximizing utility, happiness, health What are the advantages and shortcomings of such a theory?

Deontology Focus on duty Main tenets: Make sure your rules are universalizable Always treat others as ends and never merely as means What are the advantages and shortcomings of such a theory?

Virtue Theory Focus on character What kind of person are you? What kind of physician are you? What are the advantages and shortcomings of such a theory?

Ethics of care Focus on relationships Focus on our common vulnerability What are the advantages and shortcomings of such a theory?

Four Principles (Beauchamp and Childress) Autonomy Beneficence Non-maleficence Justice What are the advantages and shortcomings of such a theory?

Four Topics Approach (practical application of Four Principles) Medical Facts Personal preferences Quality of Life Contextual Features What are the advantages and shortcomings of such a theory?

Common Morality (Gert, Culver and Clouser) Do not kill Do not cause pain Do not disable Do not deprive of freedom Do not deprive of pleasure Do not deceive Keep your promises Do not cheat Obey the law Do your duty What are the advantages and shortcomings of such a theory?

The Case of Dax Cowart https://vimeo.com/64585949