Unit 1 : Chemical basis of life Biology Unit 1 : Chemical basis of life
Biological Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids Proteins
Carbohydrates include sugars, starches and fibers.
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are biological macromolecules (polymers) made up of smaller molecules called monomers.
Biological Macromolecules Structure Classification Importance
Carbohydrates Structure Classification Importance
Carbohydrates Structure: They are symbolized by the formula (CH2O)n. According to this formula, carbohydrates are made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms in the ratio 1:2:1.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates Structure: They are symbolized by the formula (CH2O)n. According to this formula, carbohydrates are made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms in the ratio 1:2:1.
Carbohydrates Importance:
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are considered the fast Importance: 1.Obtain energy: Carbohydrates are considered the fast and basic resources for obtaining the energy.
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are used for storing energy Importance: 2.Store energy: Carbohydrates are used for storing energy in living organisms’ bodies until they require it.
Carbohydrates Importance: 2.Store energy: Plants store carbohydrates in the form of starch
Carbohydrates Importance: 2.Store energy: Human & Animals store carbohydrates in the form of Glycogen in the liver and muscles.
Carbohydrates Importance: 2.Store energy: Human & Animals store carbohydrates in the form of Glycogen in the liver and muscles.
Carbohydrates Importance: 3.Build cells: Carbohydrates are basic component of some parts of the cell: Cell wall (Cellulose) Cell membrane Protoplasm (=cytoplasm)
Carbohydrates Types: Carbohydrates Simple sugar Complex sugar
Carbohydrates Types: Carbohydrates Simple sugar Complex sugar
Carbohydrates Types: Simple sugar monosaccharides disaccharides
Carbohydrates Types: Simple sugar monosaccharides disaccharides
Types: Monosaccharide: Glucose – galactose – ribose - fructose Carbohydrates Types: Monosaccharide: Glucose – galactose – ribose - fructose
Carbohydrates Role of monosaccharide in transferring energy inside the cells of living organisms
Carbohydrates Energy transfer inside the cell when the glucose molecules are oxidized inside the cells (mitochondria) and the energy stored in its chemical bonds released
Carbohydrates Energy transfer inside the cell: The energy released is stored in a compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Carbohydrates Energy transfer inside the cell: The energy released is stored in a compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Carbohydrates Energy transfer inside the cell: ATP is transferred into other places in the cell to use the stored energy in it for all the vital processes inside the cell.
Types: Monosaccharide: Glucose – galactose – ribose - fructose Carbohydrates Types: Monosaccharide: Glucose – galactose – ribose - fructose
Carbohydrates Types: Simple sugar monosaccharides disaccharides
Types: Disaccharides: Carbohydrates Types: Disaccharides:
Carbohydrates Types: Disaccharides: Lactose: glucose – galactose Maltose: glucose -glucose Sucrose: glucose - fructose
Types: Disaccharides: Carbohydrates Types: Disaccharides:
Carbohydrates Types: Carbohydrates Simple sugar Complex sugar
Carbohydrates Types: Complex sugar
Carbohydrates Types: Simple sugar: soluble in water -have a sweet taste -have a low molecular weight
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates Types: Complex sugar: Insoluble in water -have high molecular weight -don’t have a sweet taste
Carbohydrates