Chemistry(!!!) and The Periodic Table!!!

The Element... Definition of an element: a substance that CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances. ALL MATTER is made of elements! How many elements occur naturally on Earth and in the stars??? **92**

Just look on the periodic table!!! Examples of Elements Just look on the periodic table!!! Pencil Lead: made of graphite (carbon) Nickel (coin): made of nickel Fluorescent lights: made of neon Penny (coin): made of copper AND SO MUCH MORE!!!

Elements are made of atoms! Definition of an atom: the smallest part of an element that has all of the characteristics of that element *an atom consists of small particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons

Parts of an Atom Nucleus: made up of protons and neutrons Proton: particle of an atom that has a positive (+) charge Neutron: particle of an atom that is neutral (has no charge) Electrons: particle of an atom that has a negative charge (-)

More new vocab!!! Atomic number: the number of protons in a nucleus Ex: Carbon has 6 protons, its atomic number is 6. Hydrogen has 1 proton, its atomic number is 1. Mass Number: the number of protons + number of neutrons Ex: Mass number of Iron= 26(p)+30(n) = 56!

Officer: what’s the charge? If an element has equal number of protons as electrons, what is the charge of this element? If an element has more protons than electrons, what is the charge? If an element has more electrons than protons, what is the charge?

Officer: what’s the charge? A chlorine atom has 17 protons and 18 electrons. Is it positively or negatively charged? A sodium atom has 11 protons and 10 electrons. Is it positively or negatively charged? A carbon atom is 6 protons and 6 electrons. Is it positively or negatively charged?

Electrons need a home... Think GOBSTOPPER!!! The white center of a gobstopper represents the nucleus. (What is in the nucleus?) The different colors represent different energy levels. 1st energy level: 2 electrons 2nd energy level: 8 electrons 3rd energy level: 18 electrons 4th energy level: 32 electrons

Don’t be so negative!!! Valence electrons: **electrons in the outermost energy level **these electrons determine the chemical characteristic/behavior in different elements

Inert gases (Noble gases) Elements on the very right side of the periodic table (Family 18) Ex: Helium, Neon, Argon, etc.

Iso-what?!?! IsoTOPE *Definition: atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers *Reminder: Does the number of protons ever change? *If mass number = P + N, what must be different to make different isotopes of the same element?

Atomic Mass Definition: the average of mass numbers of the isotopes of an element How to determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons using atomic mass: Atomic mass=P+N Ex: How many neutrons does Argon have if it has 18 protons, and its atomic mass is 40.

Abundance of Elements

Types of bonds Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding Makes "Compounds" Makes "Molecules" Transfers, gives/takes electrons to be noble Shares electrons to be noble Made with Metals and Nonmetals Made of Nonmetals Positive and Negative Charges Neutral Weak Bond Strong bond NaCl (Salt) is a good example H2O, CO2, NH3, HCl, CH4

Now you try! Back cover of your book!!! Atom Atomic number Mass Number P E N Mg 12 24   26 Ar 96 54

More practice... Atom Atomic number Mass Number P E N Co   49 84 101